{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O993195"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O993195/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2024NW5061/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2024NW5061/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2024NW5061","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2024NW5057","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O993195/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O993195","accessionNumber":"29151:12","objectType":"Print","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"Metalcut was one of the earliest techniques used for printing images in books. A relief process, it involved cutting and punching into soft metal such as lead, most likely the same metal as was used to print text. The process was used around 1500 for printing the lavish French books of hours, which imitated the look of illuminated manuscripts. In this book of hours, however, the decorative borders combining classical Renaissance styles with Northern gothic styles make a feature of the black and white medium, instead of being printed outlines intended to take hand colouring. The dark dotted pattern (manière criblée) of the background is typical of the effects achieved using the metalcut technique. \r\nThe borders, were constructed of different smaller sections which were set into the forme along with the type. This allowed them to be mixed and matched throughout the book to vary the decorations and make them appear unique from one page to the next, as with hand drawn decorations in manuscripts. Here, the hunt scene and the chevron patterned pillar were each repeated twice on different pages. Printing was still an expensive process so having smaller blocks that could be mix and matched was cost effective. ","physicalDescription":"Leaf from a printed book of hours. The page is constructed from separate page ornaments and printed images in margins, with hand rubrication applied to some letters in red, blue and gold.\r\n\r\nThe recto of the leaf begins with the text 'Deus in adjutorium meum intende. Domine ad adjuvandum me festina. Gloria Patri et Filio et Spiritui Sancto...' and three psalms, ending 'Per diem sol'. Illustrations include, below centre, the seven headed beast and woman clothed in the sun with the moon, depicting Revelation 12:1-3; in the centre right, in the right margin, top to bottom, an image of God the father, the woman's child being taken up into heaven (Revelation 12:5), and St John having his vision. Ornaments include a columns decorated with diaper and chevron patterns and acanthus and other leaf forms.\r\n\nThe verso of the leaf begins with the text of the psalm '[Per diem sol] non uret te neque luna per noctem. Dominus custodit te...' and ends with a capitulum 'Et sic in syon firmata sum et in civitate sanctificata similiter requie[vi]...'  Illustrations include a stag hunting scene in the left margin and below, a scene of people dancing in front of trees, both set against a dotted background. Ornaments include grotesque masks, leaf and floral elements, also a column.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Kerver, Thielman","id":"AUTH334346"},"association":{"text":"printer","id":"x30811"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"Vellum","id":"x42751"},{"text":"printing ink","id":"AAT187371"}],"techniques":[{"text":"relief printing","id":"AAT53285"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Metalcut and hand-colouring on vellum","categories":[{"text":"Books","id":"THES48986"},{"text":"Printmaking techniques","id":"THES252987"},{"text":"Prints","id":"THES48903"},{"text":"Christianity","id":"THES48978"},{"text":"Religion","id":"THES48900"},{"text":"Entertainment & Leisure","id":"THES48959"},{"text":"Hunting","id":"THES253059"},{"text":"Dance","id":"THES252984"}],"styles":[{"text":"French School","id":"x31263"},{"text":"Medieval","id":"AAT20756"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2024NW5061","2024NW5057"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"LVLF","id":"THES49656"},"free":"","case":"EDUC","shelf":"9","box":"D"}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"print","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Paris","id":"x29068"},"association":{"text":"printed","id":"x46159"},"note":"probably"}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1409-1502","earliest":"1409-01-01","latest":"1502-12-31"},"association":{"text":"printed","id":"x46159"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"17.4","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"sheet cut to","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"11","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"sheet cut to","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Metalcut, with some hand-colouring. Printed by Thielman Kerver. Page from a printed book of hours, printed in Paris, 1498-1502.","bibliographicReferences":[],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[{"text":"John Saint John the Evangelist","id":"N103"},{"text":"God","id":"N809"}],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"dragon","id":"x30096"},{"text":"baby","id":"x38342"},{"text":"diaper-work","id":"AAT10144"},{"text":"foliation","id":"AAT165104"},{"text":"all-over pattern","id":"AAT10143"},{"text":"stag","id":"x30301"},{"text":"angels","id":"x30526"},{"text":"suns","id":"x31103"},{"text":"column","id":"AAT1571"},{"text":"lion masks","id":"x44944"},{"text":"moon","id":"x30118"},{"text":"clouds","id":"x30091"},{"text":"spear","id":"AAT37038"},{"text":"trees","id":"AAT132410"}],"contentConcepts":[{"text":"Apocalypse","id":"x35356"},{"text":"dancing","id":"x37546"},{"text":"hunting","id":"x40186"}],"contentLiteraryRefs":["Holy Bible: New Testament: Revelation 12:1-5","Holy Bible: Old Testament: Psalms","Holy Bible: Old Testament: Ecclesiasticus 24:23"],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["29151:12"],"accessionNumberNum":"29151","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":null,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-08-19","recordCreationDate":"2009-06-30","availableToBook":false}}