{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O99135"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O99135/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2013GU3181/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2013GU3181/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2013GU3181","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2013GU3180","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2013GU3183","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2013GU3182","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AG7181","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AF7918","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O99135/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O99135","accessionNumber":"769-1877","objectType":"Cup","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"The most important French porcelain factory was founded in 1740 in the royal chateau of Vincennes. In 1756 it was transferred  to Sèvres, the other side of Paris, and shortly after was bought by Louis XV. The support and protection of the king and his  mistress, Madame de Pompadour, enabled it to secure the best artists, sculptors, designers and chemists. Sèvres porcelain  soon became the most sought after in Europe. The royal manufactory at Sèvres specialised in luxury porcelains, many of which were destined for the French court. Each year  it displayed its newest models in the king's apartments at Versailles. The factory was very responsive to changes in fashion and  introduced many innovations in design and decoration. Its products were admired throughout Europe and its style was widely imitated. During the French Revolution, which brought about a disastrous drop in sales of luxury porcelain, the factory was Nationalised and began producing patriotic wares.\nSymbols of the Republic depicted on this cup and saucer (769 & A -1877) include Fasces (a bundle of bound rods surrounding an axe or spear, representing ancient Roman  Power and Jurisdiction), a Phrygian cap (Liberty) and the Revolutionary flag (tricolore). ","physicalDescription":"Cup, porcelain, painted in enamels and gilt with Republican devices.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Mme Françoise-Philippine Descoins","id":"AUTH324784"},"association":{"text":"decorative painter","id":"x44761"},"note":""},{"name":{"text":"Étienne-Gabriel  Girard","id":"AUTH324785"},"association":{"text":"gilder","id":"x39171"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[{"name":{"text":"Sèvres porcelain factory","id":"A406"},"association":{"text":"manufacturer","id":"x33306"},"note":""}],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"porcelain","id":"AAT10662"}],"techniques":[{"text":"painted","id":"AAT54216"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Porcelain, painted in enamels and gilt","categories":[{"text":"Ceramics","id":"THES48982"},{"text":"Porcelain","id":"THES48907"},{"text":"Tea, Coffee & Chocolate wares","id":"THES48886"},{"text":"Drinking","id":"THES48965"},{"text":"Politics","id":"THES48908"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"CER","id":"THES48594"},"images":["2013GU3181","2013GU3180","2013GU3183","2013GU3182","2006AG7181","2006AF7918"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"1","id":"THES263059"},"free":"","case":"CA11","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"cups","id":"AAT43202"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"France","id":"x28849"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1793-1800","earliest":"1793-01-01","latest":"1800-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"46","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"01.08.12","earliest":"2012-08-01","latest":"2012-08-01"},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Diameter","value":"83","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"01.08.12","earliest":"2012-08-01","latest":"2012-08-01"},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"102","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"01.08.12","earliest":"2012-08-01","latest":"2012-08-01"},"part":"including handle","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"'RF'","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":"A8728"},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"In monogram in blue enamel"},{"content":"'fx'","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":"A8728"},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"In blue enamel for Mme Descoins"},{"content":"'GI' in gold for Étienne-Gabriel Girard","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":"A8728"},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":""}],"objectHistory":"From the Bond Collection\nAcquisition type: Purchase ","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Cup, porcelain, painted in enamels and gilt with Republican devices, Sèvres porcelain factory, France, 1793-1800","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Maze-Sencier, Alphonse,  'Le livre des collectionneurs', Publisher:  Paris : Librairie Renouard, 1885.  \r\nCh. LES TABATIÈRES HISTORIQUES ET POLITIQUES. \r\n\r\nGombrich, E.H. (1979), THE DREAM OF REASON:SYMBOLISM OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies, 2: 187–205.\r\n\r\nHarden, J. David, 'Liberty Caps and Liberty Trees' Past & Present, No. 146 (Feb., 1995), pp. 66-102\r\n\r\nSymbols, Myths and Images of the French Revolution: Essays in Honour of James A. Leith\r\nI. A. N. GERMANI, James A. Leith, R. J. W. Swales, University of Regina. Canadian Plains Research Center, University of Regina. Dept. of History. CPRC Press, 1998 \r\n\n\n\r\n"}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[{"text":"French Revolution","id":"V150"}],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"floral patterns","id":"AAT10135"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["769-1877"],"accessionNumberNum":"769","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":1877,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2019LM9446","2019LP9297","2019LV3566","2019LW4917"],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-12","recordCreationDate":"2004-06-07","availableToBook":false}}