{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O97491"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O97491/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2008BV1244/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2008BV1244/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2008BV1244","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2008BV1245","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2008BV1246","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017KB7559","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O97491/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O97491","accessionNumber":"M.512-1927","objectType":"Shaffron","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"Horses wore specialised armour for battle, pageant and tournament. Their armour often matched that of their riders. This 'shaffron' protected the face of a large and powerful battle horse. It is one of many pieces of South German armour that belonged to the powerful Radziwill family at Nieswiez Castle in  Poland.","physicalDescription":"Embossed and etched steel defence for a large horse's head, with an applied esctutcheon engraved with a crowned Polish eagle bearing a letter 'S', the arms of Sigismund, King of Poland (b. 1467, r.1506-1548)","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"steel","id":"AAT133751"}],"techniques":[{"text":"embossing","id":"AAT53826"},{"text":"etching","id":"x39131"},{"text":"engraving (incising)","id":"AAT53829"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Embossed and etched steel","categories":[{"text":"Arms & Armour","id":"THES48992"},{"text":"Fashion","id":"THES48957"},{"text":"Tools & Equipment","id":"THES48883"},{"text":"Metalwork","id":"THES48920"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"MET","id":"THES48599"},"images":["2008BV1244","2008BV1245","2008BV1246","2017KB7559"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"62 (VA)","id":"THES49739"},"free":"","case":"CA19","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Shaffron","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Germany","id":"x28873"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"South"}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1520-1530","earliest":"1520-01-01","latest":"1530-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Bequeathed by Major Victor Alexander Farquharson","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"36.8","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"62","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Depth","value":"36.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Weight","value":"2.840","unit":"kg","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Measured for the Medieval and Renaissance Galleries","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"Engraved with a crowned Polish eagle bearing a letter 'S","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Esctutcheon, the arms of Sigismund, King of Poland (1506-1548)"}],"objectHistory":"From the armoury of Prince Radziwill at Nieswiez castle, Poland","historicalContext":"Horses wore specialised armour for battle, pageant and tournament. Their armour often matched that of their riders. This 'shaffron' protected the face of a large and powerful battle horse. It is one of many pieces of South German armour that belonged to the powerful Radziwill family at Nieswiez Castle in  Poland.","briefDescription":"Embossed and etched steel shaffron for a large horse, with an escutcheon bearing the arms of Sigismund, King of Poland (1506-48), Germany, ca. 1525","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"J.F. Hayward., <u>European Armour</u>, London, 1965, cat. 7"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Stuart Pyhrr, Donald J. LaRocca and Dirk H. 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