{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O95629"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O95629/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2016JF7264/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2016JF7264/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"low","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2016JF7264","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2016JF7265","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2016JF7267","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2016JF7274","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2016JF7266","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2016JF7268","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2016JF7271","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2016JF7272","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2016JF7273","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2016JF7270","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2016JF7269","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":null},"record":{"systemNumber":"O95629","accessionNumber":"M.6-1996","objectType":"Beaker","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"The beaker was made by the large firm Pavel Akimovich Ovchinikov, founded in 1853, which became the most important goldsmiths in Russia after Fabergé. By 1873 it had 173 employees and set up its own school for training young craftsmen. It was the first to specialise in making objects in the Russian style and focused on enamel wares becoming  the leading producer in Moscow of this type of cloisonné enamel. These enamel products were very popular with the conservative middle and merchant classes from the mid nineteenth century until the revolution in 1917. They all follow the same formula of geometrically arranged foliage in brilliant opaque colours. \r\n\r\nCloisonné decoration used enamel on a metal base. The design is outlined by metal fillets (cloisons) secured to the metal and the enclosed spaces are filled with coloured enamels which are then fired.","physicalDescription":"Beaker with slightly tapered cylindrical body on a flared foot.  Decorated overall with enamelled bands of geometric patterns in vivid colours, the widest band, covering much of the body, decorated with four large roundels containing stylised displayed eagles.  These are separated by small roundels with sexfoils and rest on a roundel containing a stylised flower.  The background bears scrolls and foliate patterns.  The foot and rim decorated with twisted wire.  The interior plain, apart from the inscription.","artistMakerPerson":[],"artistMakerOrganisations":[{"name":{"text":"Pavel Ovchinikov","id":"A11072"},"association":{"text":"maker","id":"AAT251917"},"note":""}],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"silver","id":"AAT11029"},{"text":"cloisonné enamel","id":"x39039"}],"techniques":[{"text":"gilding","id":"AAT53789"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Silver gilt and cloisonné enamel","categories":[{"text":"Metalwork","id":"THES48920"},{"text":"Drinking","id":"THES48965"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"MET","id":"THES48599"},"images":["2016JF7264","2016JF7265","2016JF7267","2016JF7274","2016JF7266","2016JF7268","2016JF7271","2016JF7272","2016JF7273","2016JF7270","2016JF7269"],"imageResolution":"low","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"67 (VA)","id":"THES49731"},"free":"","case":"1","shelf":"1","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Beaker","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Moscow","id":"x32457"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1892","earliest":"1892-01-01","latest":"1892-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Given by Mrs Diana King","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"14.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Length","value":"8.9","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"rim","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"8.1","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"foot","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"A Cyrillic inscription around the inner rim and on the base and dated 1893 on the base.","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"To Dear Conductor Victor Erastovitch Dobrovolski","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Around the inner rim."},{"content":"","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"From a greateful group of supporters as a happy memento, 15 July 1893.","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Translation provided by Dr. Marina Lopato, Hermitage Museum."}],"objectHistory":"Given by Mrs. Diana King\n\nHistorical significance: <font -u>Russian Cloisonne Enamel</font> \r\n\r\nThis type of cloisonne enamel became highly popular with the conservative merchant and middle classes during the second half of the 19th century until the Revolution in 1917.  The firms producing it, of which Ovchinikoff was the leading practitioner, were mainly based in Moscow.  They all follow the same formula of geometrically arranged foliage in brilliant opaque colours.","historicalContext":"The goldsmiths' firm. Pavel Akimovitch Ovchinnikov was founded in 1853 and became the most important in Russia after Faberge.  It had 173 employees in 1873, and set up a school in Moscow for training young craftsmen.  It was the first business to devote itself entirely to making objects in Russian national style, specialising in enamelled wares of all kinds.  The firm won prizes at a number of exhibitions including Chicago in 1893 and Paris in 1900.","briefDescription":"Silver-gilt beaker, cloisonné enamel, Russia, Moscow, 1892, mark of Pavel Ovchinikov","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"A. von Solodkoff.  <font -u>Russian Gold and Silver</font> London, 1981"}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"geometric patterns","id":"AAT165213"},{"text":"eagles","id":"x30166"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["M.6-1996"],"accessionNumberNum":"6","accessionNumberPrefix":"M","accessionYear":1996,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-30","recordCreationDate":"2004-03-03","availableToBook":false}}