{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O955684"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O955684/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2011EP0970/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2011EP0970/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2011EP0970","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O955684/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O955684","accessionNumber":"29635A/24","objectType":"Print","titles":[{"title":"The Campo Vaccino","type":"Assigned by artist"}],"summaryDescription":"","physicalDescription":"Engraving depicting an exterior view of the Forum Romanum, or Campo Vaccino, based on a design by Giovanni Battista Piranesi. The Forum is taken from the Capitol, with proportions not accurate to reality. The Arch of Septimus Severus, partly not excavated, is in the foreground left, the Temple of Vespian on right, and the Colosseum in the distance.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"AAT251917"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"ink","id":"AAT15012"},{"text":"paper","id":"AAT14109"}],"techniques":[{"text":"Engraving","id":"AAT53225"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"","categories":[{"text":"Prints","id":"THES48903"},{"text":"Topography","id":"THES252988"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2011EP0970"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"LVLE","id":"THES49657"},"free":"","case":"Z","shelf":"12","box":"B"}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"prints","id":"AAT41273"}],[{"text":"drawings","id":"AAT33973"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Britain","id":"x32019"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"19th century","earliest":"1800-01-01","latest":"1899-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"27","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":"with mount"},{"dimension":"Width","value":"37.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":"with mount"},{"dimension":"Height","value":"20.7","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"width","value":"29.7","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"After Piranesi; The Campo Vaccino; Letter XLVII; Inscribed with the description of numbers indicating the main buildings: \n1. Vestiges of the temple of Jupiter Tonans\n2. Vestiges of the temple of Concord\n3. Arch of Septimius Severus\n4. Ancient Erarium now S. Adriano\n5. Temple of Antonine and Faustina\n6. Temple of Romolus and Remus now S. Cosmo\n7. S. Francesca Romana\n8. Arch of Titus\n9. Vestiges of the Palace of the Caesars on the Palatine\n10. Columns of the temple of Jupiter Stator\n11. Walls of the Rostra\n12. The temple of Peace\n13. The Colosseum\n14. Temple of the Sun and the Moon\n15. Vestiges of the Thermae of Titus","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"There is a collector mark on the print reading NAL (National Art Library). The stamp was used on drawings and prints that entered the museum’s collection between 1880 and 1900."}],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Engraving showing the Campo Vaccino or Forum Romanum, after a design of Giovanni Battista Piranesi (1720 - 1778) from the series Views of Rome (1748 - 1778). The engraver is not identified, but the image is signed “after Piranesi.”","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"The engraving depicts a view of the Campo Vaccino in Rome, which is also known as the Forum Romanum. The scene is viewed from the Capitoline Hill and features prominent landmarks such as the Arch of Septimus Severus in the foreground on the left, the Temple of Vespasian on the right, and the Colosseum in the distance. The Roman Forum, situated between the Palatine and Capitoline Hills, was a central public space in ancient Rome with political, commercial, and social significance. It served as a hub for religious, political, and judicial activities. The engraving draws inspiration from Piranesi's series, Vedute di Roma, although it presents notable variations in the depiction of details. Specifically, the portrayal of the figures deviates significantly from the original, as they are depicted wearing Victorian clothing. This stylistic choice implies a specific period and location of production different from the time and setting of the original scene.\n\nGiovanni Battista Piranesi (1720-1778) is one of the greatest eighteenth century Italian printmakers, architects and one of the leading figures in the development of the neoclassical style. Venetian by birth, he was the son of a stonemason and master builder and had a wide-ranging training in architecture, stage design and perspective composition. In 1740 he settled in Rome and around the same time he came in contact with the works of Tiepolo, which transformed his tight, exact early style to one of bold, fluid lines and dramatic chiaroscuro. Piranesi had little success in his early years in Rome but once established there he became a well-known figure producing a vast number of etchings illustrating Roman architecture and antiquities until his death in 1778. His work had a lasting impact on contemporary tastes in architecture and the decorative arts, primarily in Britain where he was the single greatest influence on architect Robert Adam. \nSome of his most important series of etchings include: \n• Le Antichità Romane (\"Roman Antiquities\"): a series of six volumes published between 1756 and 1769, which contained Piranesi's etchings and descriptions of ancient Roman ruins, buildings, and artworks. \n• Vedute di Roma (\"Views of Rome\"): a series of 137 etchings of Rome that Piranesi produced between 1748 and 1778. The prints captured the city's ancient and modern architecture and were celebrated for their dramatic perspectives and intricate details. \n• Carceri d'Invenzione (\"Imaginary Prisons\" or \"Piranesi's Prisons\"): a series of 16 etchings published in 1750 that depicted fantastical and surreal prison interiors, inspired by both his early training as a scenographer and his admiration for Roman ruins.\n\nBibliographic reference\n- Ficacci, Luigi. Piranesi: The Complete Etchings. Köln: Taschen, 2000.\n- Wilton-Ely, John. The Mind and Art of Giovanni Battista Piranesi. London: Thames and Hudson, 1978."}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["29635A/24"],"accessionNumberNum":"29635","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":null,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-10-02","recordCreationDate":"2009-06-30","availableToBook":false}}