{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O94837"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O94837/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2024NW2276/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2024NW2276/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2024NW2276","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2024NW2277","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2024NW2278","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2024NW2279","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2024NW2281","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2024NW2280","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006BG0130","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O94837/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O94837","accessionNumber":"M.26&C-1976","objectType":"Salt cellar and spoon","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"The architect and designer Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin was the foremost champion of the Gothic Revival, one of the most potent of the 19th-century historic styles. More of a philosophy than mere design movement, Pugin described Gothic in 1836 as \"the only correct expression of the faith, wants, styles and climate of our country\". Mostly used in England for church architecture and furnishings it is rare to find items for the home in the Gothic style.This salt cellar (one from a set of four) was designed by Pugin for his own house in Ramsgate.","physicalDescription":"","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"A.W. Pugin","id":"A8761"},"association":{"text":"designer","id":"AAT25190"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[{"name":{"text":"Hardman and Iliffe","id":"A10724"},"association":{"text":"maker","id":"AAT251917"},"note":""}],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"silver","id":"AAT11029"},{"text":"gold","id":"AAT11021"}],"techniques":[{"text":"raising","id":"AAT237068"},{"text":"engraving","id":"AAT53829"},{"text":"gilding","id":"AAT53789"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Silver, parcel-gilt","categories":[{"text":"Metalwork","id":"THES48920"},{"text":"Food vessels & Tableware","id":"THES48952"}],"styles":[{"text":"Gothic Revival","id":"AAT21452"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"MET","id":"THES48599"},"images":["2024NW2276","2024NW2277","2024NW2278","2024NW2279","2024NW2281","2024NW2280","2006BG0130"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"005","id":"THES404518"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"005","id":"THES404518"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Salt cellar","id":""}],[{"text":"Spoon","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Birmingham","id":"x28748"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1844-1845","earliest":"1844-05-29","latest":"1845-05-28"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"9.7","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"24/01/2025","earliest":"2025-01-24","latest":"2025-01-24"},"part":"Salt cellar","note":""},{"dimension":"Diameter","value":"10.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"24/01/2025","earliest":"2025-01-24","latest":"2025-01-24"},"part":"Salt cellar: rim of bowl","note":""},{"dimension":"Diameter","value":"9.0","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"24/01/2025","earliest":"2025-01-24","latest":"2025-01-24"},"part":"Salt cellar: foot","note":""},{"dimension":"Weight","value":"210.5","unit":"g","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"24/01/2025","earliest":"2025-01-24","latest":"2025-01-24"},"part":"Salt cellar","note":""},{"dimension":"Length","value":"11.1","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"24/01/2025","earliest":"2025-01-24","latest":"2025-01-24"},"part":"Spoon","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"2.4","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"24/01/2025","earliest":"2025-01-24","latest":"2025-01-24"},"part":"Spoon","note":""},{"dimension":"Depth","value":"0.8","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"24/01/2025","earliest":"2025-01-24","latest":"2025-01-24"},"part":"Spoon","note":""},{"dimension":"Weight","value":"29.1","unit":"g","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"24/01/2025","earliest":"2025-01-24","latest":"2025-01-24"},"part":"Spoon","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"Maker, Hardman and Iliffe, duty, sterling, date letter, anchor for Birmingham","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":""}],"objectHistory":"The architect and designer Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin was the foremost champion of the Gothic Revival, one of the most potent of the 19th-century historic styles. More of a philosophy than mere design movement, Pugin described Gothic in 1836 as \"the only correct expression of the faith, wants, styles and climate of our country\". It became virtually a national style when chosen for the rebuilding of the Houses of Parliament in 1835. This salt cellar (one from a set of four) was designed by Pugin for his own house, 'The Grange', in Ramsgate. The set remained in the Pugin family until 1976, when two of the salt cellars and their spoons were purchased by the Museum.\n\nOf all the collaborators with whom Pugin worked, John Hardman Jr was his closest friend and confidant. John Hardman Jr founded his metalworking company in Birmingham in 1838, soon after meeting Pugin. Pugin's influence on his life and career was enormous. Pugin designed his showroom in Great Charles Street and urged Hardman to expand his business in 1844 to include stained glass production. Their relationship was built on personal friendship, professional collaboration and shared devotion to the Catholic faith.\r\n\r\nPugin had converted to Catholicism in 1835, only six years after the Catholic Relief Act lifted legal restrictions on Catholics in public life. He proclaimed that 'the Roman Catholic Church is the only true one ... in which the grand and sublime style of architecture can ever be restored'. Pugin and Hardman's collaboration stimulated a demand for metalwork, textiles and stained glass that served both Catholic and Anglican churches and domestic interiors. ","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Salt cellar and spoon, silver, parcel gilt, designed by A.W.N. Pugin, made by Hardman and Iliffe, Birmingham, England, ca. 1844-1845","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"<u>Exhibition of Victorian and Edwardian decorative arts: catalogue</u>. London: H.M.S.O., 1952. Catalogue of an exhibition held at the Victoria and Albert Museum in 1952."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Bury, Shirley. In search of Pugin's church plate. Part 1: Pugin, Hardman and the Industrial Revolution. <u>The Connoisseur</u>. May 1967, vol. 165. pp. 29-35."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Atterbury, Paul, ed. <u>A. W. N. Pugin: Master of Gothic Revival</u>. New Haven: Published for the Bard Graduate Center for Studies in the Decorative Arts, New York by Yale University Press,1995. Catalogue published in conjunction with the exhibition held at the Bard Graduate Center for Studies in the Decorative Arts, New York, from November 9, 1995 to February 25, 1996. ISBN: 0300066570."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Davies, Joshua, et al. <u>Medievalist Visions: An exhibition at King's College London</u>, 30 January - 22 May 2013, p.5. "},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Exhibition: 'Makers of Modern Gothic: A.W.N. Pugin and John Hardman Jr', Julie and Robert Breckman Galleries, V&A, 3rd February - 26th October 2025 "}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[{"text":"Ramsgate","id":"x35031"}],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"Exhibition: 'Makers of Modern Gothic: A.W.N. Pugin and John Hardman Jr', Julie and Robert Breckman Galleries, V&A, 3rd February - 26th October 2025 \n\nSalt Cellar and Spoon\r\n1844-5\n\nThis salt cellar and spoon, originally from a set of four, were designed by Pugin for his family to use at home in the Grange. The majority of metalwork made by Hardman to Pugin's designs was for church use and his domestic metalwork is relatively rare. The salt cellars and spoons remained in the Pugin family until 1976 when the museum bought two of them.\n\r\nSilver, partly gilded\r\nDesigned by A.W.N. Pugin and hallmarked\r\nby Hardman &amp; Iliffe, Birmingham\r\nMuseum no. M.26&amp;C-1976","date":{"text":"03/02/2025","earliest":"2025-02-03","latest":"2025-02-03"}}],"partNumbers":["M.26-1976","M.26C-1976"],"accessionNumberNum":"26","accessionNumberPrefix":"M","accessionYear":1976,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-12-12","recordCreationDate":"2004-03-03","availableToBook":false}}