{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O94167"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O94167/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AP6675/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AP6675/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"low","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006AP6675","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017KA3106","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":null},"record":{"systemNumber":"O94167","accessionNumber":"E.801-1997","objectType":"Photograph","titles":[{"title":"Photogram IV","type":"assigned by artist"}],"summaryDescription":"Photograms are photographs made without a camera or lens. They are made by placing objects on top of a piece of photographic paper and then exposing the composition to light. Although this is a simple technique, as old as photography itself, Moholy-Nagy revived it and applied it to modern forms of abstraction in art and graphic design. In 1932 he wrote, 'The photogram,… which embodies the unique nature of the photographic process, is the real key to photography. It allows us to capture the patterned interplay of light on a sheet of sensitised paper without recourse to any apparatus.'","physicalDescription":"Abstract black and white photograph of coils and lines","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Moholy-Nagy, László","id":"A12023"},"association":{"text":"photographer","id":"AAT25687"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[],"techniques":[{"text":"Gelatin silver process","id":"AAT139114"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Gelatin silver print","categories":[{"text":"Photographs","id":"THES48910"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2006AP6675","2017KA3106"],"imageResolution":"low","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"LVLF","id":"THES49656"},"free":"","case":"X","shelf":"975","box":"B"}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"photograph","id":"AAT46300"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1922","earliest":"1922-01-01","latest":"1922-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""},{"date":{"text":"ca. 1930","earliest":"1925-01-01","latest":"1934-12-31"},"association":{"text":"printed","id":"AAT53319"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Copyright L. Moholy-Nagy Foundation","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"39.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"30","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Moholy-Nagy, Laszlo. Photogram IV [sic] 1922. Gelatin-silver print made about 1930.","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Kate Best and Sophie Leighton, 'Interwar Photography at the V&A: Modernism and More' in <u>Apollo</u> May 2006"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Stephen Bury, ed. <u>Breaking the Rules. The Printed Face of the European Avant Garde 1900-1937</u> London: The British Library, 2007. ISBN: 978 0 7123 0980 6."}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"<b>Cameraless Photography</b>\r\n\r\nLászló Moholy-Nagy (1895–1946)\r\nPhotogram IV\r\n1925–28, printed 1929\r\nGelatin silver print \r\n39.5 x 30 cm\r\nMuseum no. E.801-1997\r\n\r\nMoholy-Nagy began making cameraless photographs in 1922 and coined the term ‘photogram’ in 1925. He and saw it as the artistic equivalent of the X-ray. In 1937, he wrote, ‘The photogram which embodies the unique nature of the photographic process, is the real key to photography. It allows us to capture the patterned interplay of light on a sheet of sensitised paper without the recourse to any apparatus.’\r\n\n","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null}}],"partNumbers":["E.801-1997"],"accessionNumberNum":"801","accessionNumberPrefix":"E","accessionYear":1997,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-12","recordCreationDate":"2004-02-27","availableToBook":false}}