{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O93568"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O93568/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2022NF1301/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2022NF1301/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2022NF1301","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017KE1929","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O93568/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O93568","accessionNumber":"146:1, 2-1882","objectType":"Combined chalice and monstrance.","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"A chalice holds the consecrated wine which miraculously becomes the blood of Christ during the Catholic mass. A monstrance displays a circular wafer of bread which has been consecrated by a Catholic priest and which is called the Host. In Catholic churches across Europe the vessels which contain this consecrated wine and bread are usually separate, but in sixteenth-century Spain combining them was a popular alternative. Recycling a chalice as a monstrance base was economical, and it also reinforced the spiritual and symbolic message of the wine and bread. This practice was especially common in Castile, where this example was made by two Flemish goldsmiths resident in Cuenca, Noe Manuel and Jorge de Alcantara. In this case, the chalice and monstrance appear to have been made at the same time.","physicalDescription":"Monstrance and chalice combined, upper part richly decorated with strapwork and openwork, with 2 angels kneeling on brackets, 3 small bells, baluster stem, circular foot, strapwork, fruit and masks.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Noe Manuel","id":"AUTH324597"},"association":{"text":"goldsmith","id":"AAT25319"},"note":"Piece probably produced in collaboration with Jorge de Alcantara."}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"silver","id":"AAT11029"}],"techniques":[{"text":"embossing","id":"AAT53826"},{"text":"chasing","id":"AAT54016"},{"text":"casting","id":"AAT53104"},{"text":"gilding","id":"AAT53789"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Silver, parcel-gilt decorated with strapwork and openwork","categories":[{"text":"Metalwork","id":"THES48920"},{"text":"Religion","id":"THES48900"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"MET","id":"THES48599"},"images":["2022NF1301","2017KE1929"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"69","id":"THES49729"},"free":"","case":"5","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"69","id":"THES49729"},"free":"","case":"5","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Chalice","id":"AAT194762"}],[{"text":"Monstrance","id":"AAT83005"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"No","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Cuenca (city)","id":"x33106"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1580-1590","earliest":"1580-01-01","latest":"1590-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[{"object":{"text":"305-1866","id":"305PART-1866"},"association":""}],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Diameter","value":"17.4","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"foot","note":""},{"dimension":"Height","value":"58.2","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Length","value":"25.2","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Height: register states 63.80 cm but finial missing now","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"The letters 'NOE' over 'M' in a rectangular punch, the maker's mark of Noe Manuel.","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":""}],"objectHistory":"Nothing is known of the original owner of this combined chalice and monstrance. In the nineteenth century it belonged to the archaeologist and politician Sir Austen Henry Layard (1817-1894), and notes in the Museum registers suggest he acquired it at Toledo. Layard lent the piece to the South Kensington Museum in 1873, and in 1882 the Museum purchased it from him for the sum of £400.\nThe mark 'NOE' over 'M', until recently unidentified, belongs to the Flemish goldsmith Noe Manuel, who worked in Cuenca during the mid- to late-sixteenth century, in partnership with fellow countryman Jorge de Alcantara. Manuel and Alcantara were briefly appointed assay masters for Cuenca in February-March 1581. The evidence of Manuel's first will, drafted in 1579, suggests he mostly produced church plate, although his inventory of items includes 'a porringer' ('una porcelana') and 'mounts for a coconut [cup]' ('una guarnición de un coco').","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Silver-gilt, Spanish (Cuenca), 1580-90, maker's mark of Noe Manuel only but probably the work of Noe Manuel and Jorge de Alcantara.","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Robinson, J. C., ed. <u>Catalogue of the Special Loan Exhibition of Spanish and Portuguese Ornamental Art, South Kensington Museum</u>, 1881. London: Chapman &amp; Hall, 1881."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Oman, Charles. <u>The Golden Age of Hispanic Silver 1400-1665</u>. London: HMSO, 1968."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Elizalde, Amelia López-Yarto. <u>La orfebrería del s. XVI en la provincia de Cuenca</u>. Cuenca: Diputación Provincial de Cuenca, Departamento de Cultura, 1998. ISBN: 8487319459."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Heredia Moreno, Maria del Carmen. Del arte y de devociones eucarísticas: las custodias portátiles. <u>In</u>: Jesús Rivas Carmona, ed. <u>Estudios de Platería. San Eloy 2002</u>. Murcia: Universidad de Murcia, 2002. pp. 163-181."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Íñiguez, Diego Ángulo, et al, eds. <u>Exposición de arte antiguo</u>. Catalogue of an exhibition held at Cuenca Cathedral, 25th March -  29th April, 1956. Cuenca: Museo de Arte Antiguo, 1956."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Jonathan Parry, ‘Layard, Sir Austen Henry (1817–1894)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2006, \nhttp://web.archive.org/web/20221208153005/https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/%20article/16218"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Soromenho, Miguel. Catalogue entry on combined chalice/monstrances. In: <u>Tesori dal Portogallo. Architetture immaginarie dal Medioevo al Barocco</u>, ed. by Dario Cimorelli, Joaquim Oliveira Caetano and Antonio Filipe Pimentel. Published in conjunction with the exhibition in Turin, at Palazzo Madama, May 7-September 28. Turin: 2014. ISBN 9788836628803. pp. 128-129."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Esteban López, N. 'Platería conquense del siglo XVI en la provincia de Guadalajara'. In: <u>Estudios de Platería. San Eloy 2017</u>. Ed. by Jesús Rivas Carmona and Ignacio José García Zapata. Murcia: Universidad, 2017."}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"1. Monstrance.\nSilver, parcel-gilt\nCuenca, Spain, around 1580.\nMaker unidentified.\n\nThe dense ornamentation of this monstrance is typical of mannerism and includes many of its characteristic features, such as strapwork incorporating sprays of fruit and masks. This monstrance, made to display the wafer or bread to the congregation during the Mass, is combined with a chalice for the consecrated wine, thereby signifying the mystical presence of Christ in both forms, the body and the blood.\n146-1882","date":{"text":"26/11/2002","earliest":"2002-11-26","latest":"2002-11-26"}},{"text":"COMBINED CHALICE AND MONSTRANCE\r\nSilver, parcel-gilt. Mark, NOE M\r\nSpanish (Cuenca); last quarter of the 16th century\r\nA.H. Layard collection","date":{"text":"1980-1990","earliest":"1980-01-01","latest":"1990-12-31"}},{"text":"COMBINED MONSTRANCE AND CHALICE\r\nSilver, partly gilt\r\nSpanish (Cuenca); about 1575-1600\r\nThis monstrance incorporates a chalice. The monstrance was used to display the consecrated Host (wafer) for adoration during exposition of the Blessed Sacrament and the chalice to consecrate the wine which was then consumed in the Mass.\r\nAlthough lacking a maker's mark, it is decorated in the style of Cristobal Becerril, a member of a famous family of Cuenca goldsmiths who specialised in ecclesiastical metalwork. A similar piece is in Cuenca Cathedral.","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null}},{"text":"594. CUSTODIA and chalice combined, silver and parcel-gilt, <i>repoussé</i> and chased, with three silver bells attached, the two principal parts can be separated. From Toledo. Spanish. <i>Circa</i> 1480. <i>Sir Henry A. Layard, G.C.B.</i>","date":{"text":"1881","earliest":"1881-01-01","latest":"1881-12-31"}},{"text":"CUSTODIA and CHALICE, combined; silver parcel-gilt, repoussé and chased, with three silver bells attached. The two principal parts can be detached. From Toledo; possibly the work of Berruguete. Spanish, 16th century. Lent by the Rt. Hon. A. H. Layard.--- 83.         1873.","date":{"text":"19/07/1873","earliest":"1873-07-19","latest":"1873-07-19"}}],"partNumbers":["146:1-1882","146:2-1882"],"accessionNumberNum":"146","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":1882,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE","Chalice","Monstrance"],"assets":["2019LW6659","2019LW3589"],"recordModificationDate":"2025-11-19","recordCreationDate":"2004-02-23","availableToBook":false}}