{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O9318"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O9318/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2022NC9709/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2022NC9709/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2022NC9709","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2022NC9710","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2009BX3675","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017KB3655","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O9318/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O9318","accessionNumber":"IS.2:20-1896","objectType":"Painting","titles":[{"title":"Ali Quli, Bahadur Khan and Akbar","type":"generic title"}],"summaryDescription":"This illustration to the Akbarnama, the history of the reign of the Mughal emperor Akbar (r. 1556-1605) is by the court artists Kesav Kalan and Madhav Kalan. It is the left half of a double-page composition (the right half is IS.2:19-1896), and depicts the submission of the rebel brothers Ali Quli Khan and Bahadur Khan to Akbar at Karah in 1561.\r\nThe <i>Akbarnama</i> (Book of Akbar) was commissioned by the emperor Akbar as the official chronicle of his reign. It was written by his friend, the great scholar Abu'l Fazl,  between 1590 and 1596 and is thought to have been illustrated between about 1592 and 1594 by at least 49 different artists in service to the emperor. After Akbar's death in 1605, the manuscript remained in the library of his son, Jahangir (r. 1605-1627) and later that of Shah Jahan (r.1628-1658). The purchased it in 1896 from Mrs Frances Clarke, the widow of Major-General John Clarke. He bought it in India while serving as Commissioner of Oudh between 1858 and 1862.","physicalDescription":"Painting, in opaque watercolour and gold on paper, left half of double composition, this painting depicts the submission of the rebel brothers Ali Quli Khan and Bahadur Khan to Akbar at Karah in 1561.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Kesav Kalan","id":"A6094"},"association":{"text":"maker","id":"AAT251917"},"note":"outline; Kesu the Elder"},{"name":{"text":"Madhav Kalan","id":"A6097"},"association":{"text":"maker","id":"AAT251917"},"note":"artist, painting, Madhu the Elder"}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"paper","id":"AAT14109"},{"text":"opaque watercolour","id":"x35013"},{"text":"paint","id":"AAT15029"}],"techniques":[{"text":"painted","id":"AAT54216"},{"text":"drawing","id":"x32498"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Painted in opaque watercolour and gold on paper","categories":[{"text":"ELISE","id":"THES48961"},{"text":"Paintings","id":"THES48917"},{"text":"Manuscripts","id":"THES48922"},{"text":"Images Online","id":"THES48937"},{"text":"Animals and Wildlife","id":"THES250852"},{"text":"Illustration","id":"THES48938"},{"text":"Bonita Trust Indian Paintings Cataloguing Project","id":"THES263148"}],"styles":[{"text":"Mughal","id":"AAT18939"},{"text":"Akbar","id":""}],"collectionCode":{"text":"SSEA","id":"THES48598"},"images":["2022NC9709","2022NC9710","2009BX3675","2017KB3655"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"004","id":"THES403519"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"painting","id":"AAT33618"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Mughal Empire","id":"THES262021"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1590-95","earliest":"1585-01-01","latest":"1595-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[{"object":{"text":"IS.2:19-1896","id":"O9317"},"association":""}],"creditLine":"Purchased from Mrs. Clarke, The Dingle, Sydenham Hill, S. E","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"32.7","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"Persian","medium":"ink","method":"","position":"","script":"Persian","translation":"'Composition by Kesu Kalan/Work [=painting] by Madhav Kalan'","transliteration":"'Tarh Kesu Kalan/Amal Madhav Kalan'","type":"Maker's identification","note":"Contemporary librarian's attribution in Persian written beneath the image at the bottom of the page in red ink."}],"objectHistory":"The Akbarnama, or \"Book of Akbar\", was commissioned by the emperor Akbar as the official chronicle of his reign. It was written by 1590 and 1596 and is thought to have been illustrated between ca. 1592 and 1594  by at least forty-nine different artists from Akbar's studio. After Akbar's death in 1605, the manuscript remained in the library of his son, Jahangir (r.1605-1627) and later Shah Jahan (r.1628-1658). The Victoria and Albert Museum purchased it in 1896 from Mrs. Frances Clarke, the widow of Major General John Clarke, an official who had been the Commissioner in Oudh province between 1858 and 1862.\r\n\r\nHistorical significance: It is thought to be the first illustrated copy of the Akbarnama. It drew upon the expertise of some of the best royal painters of the time, many of whom receive special mention by Abu'l Fazl in the A'in-i-Akbari, the third volume of the Akbarnama. The inscriptions in red ink on the bottom of the paintings refer to the artists and indicate that this was a royal copy.\r\n\r\nPurchased from Mrs. Clarke, The Dingle, Sydenham Hill, S. E. This acquisition information reflects that found in the Museum records (Asia Department registers and/or Central Inventory) as part of a 2023 provenance research project.\r\n\r\nRegistered Papers: 85488/95","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Painting, <i>Akbarnama</i>, submission of rebel brothers Ali Quli and Bahadur Khan, outline by Kesav, painting Madhav, opaque watercolour and gold on paper, Mughal, ca. 1590-95","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"STRONGE, Susan. <u>Painting for the Mughal Emperor: The Art of the Book 1560 – 1660</u> London : V&A Publications, 2002. 192p, ill. ISBN 1 85177 358 4.","id":"AUTH326134"},"details":"p. 46, pl. 30","free":""}],"production":"Composition by Kesav Kalan; painted by Madhav Kalan.","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"The submission of the rebel brothers Ali Quli Khan and Bahadur Khan to Akbar at Karah in 1561.","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[{"text":"Akbar","id":"N107"},{"text":"Khan, Ali Quli","id":"N113"},{"text":"Khan, Bahadur","id":"N114"}],"associatedPerson":[{"text":"Fazl, Abu'l","id":"N104"}],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"elephant","id":"x30316"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":["Akbarnama"],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["IS.2:20-1896"],"accessionNumberNum":"2","accessionNumberPrefix":"IS","accessionYear":1896,"otherNumbers":[{"type":{"text":"Inscription/original number","id":"THES51028"},"number":"101"}],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2026-05-07","recordCreationDate":"1998-10-13","availableToBook":false}}