{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O91768"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O91768/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2018KX5016/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2018KX5016/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2018KX5016","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O91768/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O91768","accessionNumber":"M.365-1956","objectType":"Chalice","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"The chalice is the central sacred vessel of the Catholic church in which the priest consecrates the wine during the service of Mass. This chalice would have been originally accompanied by a paten (dish) for the consecrated bread.  According to Catholic belief the wine and bread are miraculously transformed into the blood and body of Christ during the Mass. The bowls of silver chalices are usually gilded inside, to emphasize the precious nature of their contents and to protect the metal.\r\n\r\nFrom the mid 16th century, secular motifs and ornament were increasingly used by Spanish goldsmiths to decorate church silver. This chalice is a prime example of this development. It is shaped like a candlestick and bears decoration inspired by the architecural forms and ornament of classical Rome: swags of fruit and drapery, acanthus foliage and the three medallions depicting bearded heads. The strapwork ornament resembling cut strips of leather was also highly fashionable in Spain at the time this chalice was made. The only truly religious symbol remaining is the cross in a medallion on the foot. \n\r\nThe goldsmith, Fernando Ruiz de Santo Domingo, worked in the city of Cuenca between 1556 and 1599. Many of his works still survive. His style is very much in the tradition of Francisco Becceril, a sculptor-goldsmith whose family dominated the craft in Cuenca in the first half of the century.","physicalDescription":"Thistle-shaped bowl, the calyx embossed with cherubs and fruit. Baluster stem decorated with acanthus foliage and with four leg-shaped brackets resting on a vase. Round foot embossed with a ring of linen swags with fruit, encircled by an outer ring with floral scrolls and roundels containing a cross and heads. This same mark is found on M.423.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Santo Domingo, Fernando Ruiz de","id":"A10785"},"association":{"text":"maker","id":"AAT251917"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"silver","id":"AAT11029"},{"text":"gold","id":"AAT11021"}],"techniques":[{"text":"embossing","id":"AAT53826"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Silver, parcel-gilt, embossed","categories":[{"text":"Metalwork","id":"THES48920"},{"text":"Christianity","id":"THES48978"},{"text":"Religion","id":"THES48900"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"MET","id":"THES48599"},"images":["2018KX5016"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"69","id":"THES49729"},"free":"","case":"17","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"009","id":"THES404827"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Chalice","id":""}],[{"text":"Cuff","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Cuenca (city)","id":"x33106"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1570","earliest":"1565-01-01","latest":"1574-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Dr W.L. Hildburgh Bequest","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Diameter","value":"15.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"base","note":""},{"dimension":"Height","value":"23.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"On top rim of the base: RVIZ","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":"A8728"},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":""}],"objectHistory":"Acquisition RF: 55/4478A\nDr WL Hildburgh FSA Bequest.\n\n\nAcquired in London, 1931.\nWhen received by the Museum the bowl was encased in openwork scroll work decorated with opaque enamel. As this was apparently of nineteenth century date it was removed.","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Spain, Cuenca, about 1570. maker's mark Fernando Ruiz; Church plate, Continental\n\nEnamels","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"The Golden Age of Hispanic Silver 1400-1665, Charles Oman, Pg.29, pl.40, HMSO, 1968"}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"Silver Gallery:\nAfter the mid-16th century the bases of chalices were no longer required to be lobed and the religious symbols and motifs became irrelevant. The decoration became secular. This chalice, shaped like a candlestick, is a prime example of this development with its cherub heads, swags of fruit and drapery. The Classical world provided a model for the acanthus foliage and the three imago clipeatae (medallions) with bearded heads. The strapwork ornament resembling cut strips of leather was also highly fashionable in Spain at the time this chalice was made. The only truly religious symbol remaining is the cross in a medallion on the foot. \nFernando Ruiz de Santo Domingo worked in the city of Cuenca between the years of 1556 and 1599. Many of his works still survive.  His style is very much in the tradition of Francisco Becceril, who dominated silversmiths' work in Cuenca.","date":{"text":"26/11/2002","earliest":"2002-11-26","latest":"2002-11-26"}}],"partNumbers":["M.365-1956","M.365PART-1956"],"accessionNumberNum":"365","accessionNumberPrefix":"M","accessionYear":1956,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE","Chalice","Cuff"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-08-08","recordCreationDate":"2004-02-09","availableToBook":false}}