{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O90814"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O90814/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AK8590/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AK8590/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006AK8590","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2018KW8396","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O90814/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O90814","accessionNumber":"4925","objectType":"Manuscript cutting","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"This illuminated initial O contains an image of Saint Francis showing the stigmata, the five wounds of Christ, that he received during a vision in which a seraph, a six-winged angel, appeared to him on a cross. According to the account by Brother Leo, he was praying on Mount Verna during a forty day fast in preparation for Michaelmas when he had the vision. \r\n\r\nMedieval books had no contents page or index and so there was usually a hierarchy of initials marking important divisions in the text or music. The most important initials might be historiated with a figurative picture (<i>istoire</i> being the term for a story) or images of saints as seen here, while divisions of lesser importance had decorated initials.\r\n\r\nThe Master of the Budapest Antiphonary is named after a Franciscan manuscript in the National Library of Budapest (MS Clmae 462) which dates to around 1444-1450. This artist is sometimes confused with the Master of the Franciscan Breviary (named after MS 337 in Biblioteca Universitaria, Bologna), whose career and style overlap.","physicalDescription":"Cut-out historiated initial O from a choirbook. The initial is blue with mock Arabic lettering on a panel of burnished gold. Inside is St Francis displaying his stigmata surrounded by gold rays. In three of the four corners of the panel are floral decorations, in blue, red, pink and green.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Master of the Franciscan Breviary","id":"A11693"},"association":{"text":"illuminator","id":"AAT25122"},"note":"attributed"}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"parchment","id":"AAT11851"},{"text":"ink","id":"AAT15012"},{"text":"pigments","id":"x33204"}],"techniques":[{"text":"illumination","id":"AAT220539"},{"text":"writing","id":"AAT54698"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Water-based pigments and gold-leaf on parchment","categories":[{"text":"Manuscript cutting","id":"THES275182"},{"text":"Manuscripts","id":"THES48922"},{"text":"Medieval and renaissance","id":"THES271264"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2006AK8590","2018KW8396"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"10","id":"THES49099"},"free":"","case":"CA2","shelf":"DR1","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"manuscript","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Lombardy","id":"x29366"},"association":{"text":"illuminated","id":"AAT220539"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1450","earliest":"1445-01-01","latest":"1454-12-31"},"association":{"text":"illuminated","id":"AAT220539"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"12.2","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"13.1","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Measured for the Medieval and Renaissance Galleries","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"From a portfolio bought by the Museum in 1866 from J. & W. Boone.\n\nHistorical significance: In Italy, illuminated choirbooks and liturgical manuscripts contained the work of a large number of miniature painters. Choirbooks in particular were produced in sets of many volumes (often more than 30). From the early 19th century onwards such choirbooks provided an easy source of images that connoisseurs eagerly sought to add to their collections of paintings. Manuscripts could be cut up to make them more marketable and pleasing to the collector. Single leaves survive, but also initials, as here, cut to shape.","historicalContext":"Data taken from notes compiled by Rowan Watson. The full text of the entry is as follows:\r\n\r\n'Cat. CHOIR BOOK; Italy, c. 1500. (4925,4928 [stolen 1984], 4918.2-9, 4921.2-4)\r\n\r\nCat. no 353/2\r\n4925 (MS 1167)\r\nCHOIR BOOK\r\nCut-out historiated O (St Francis displaying stigmata mock-arabic lettering on letter-shape, attributed to the Master of Budapest Antiohoner)\r\n\r\nItaly. c. 1500\r\n120 x 125 mm.\r\n\r\nFrom an album containing 4916-4928 bought for £15 from J & W Boone, 1866\r\nPub: 1908 cat, 93; 1923 cat, 86; Todini 1996, p.51\r\n\r\n[Note from Anna Melograni re: 4925 (2/5/07):- \r\nDate: 1450 ca. \r\nPlace: Lounbardy\r\n\r\nAttributed to the Master of the Franciscan Breviary by Filippo Todini in this catalogue\r\n'Miniature: La Spezia, Murseo Cirico Amedo Lia,' Published 1996. The manuscript is reproduced on page 51.]","briefDescription":"Historiated initial O from a choirbook, St. Francis displaying stigmata, attributed to the Master of the Franciscan Breviary; Italy; ca.1450.","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Watson, Rowan. <u>Illuminated manuscripts and their makers</u>. London: V&A Publications, 3002. 144 p., ill. ISBN 185177385."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Todini, Filippo, ed. <u>Miniature: La Spezia, Museo civico Amedeo Lia</u>. Fondazione Casa di Risparmo della Spezia, 1996. 334 p., ill. ISBN 8882150267."}],"production":"Attributed to the Master of the Budapest Antiphonary by Levi d'Ancona in a manuscript note on the mount.\r\n\r\nAttributed to the Master of the Francisan Breviary by Filippo Todini in his catalogue 'Miniature: La Spezia, Museo Civico Amedo Lia'; published 1996. The manuscript is reproduced on page 51.\r\n\r\nAnna Melograni dates the cutting to ca 1450 and attribution place to Lombardy.","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[{"text":"Francis (Saint)","id":"N594"}],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"monks","id":"AAT25765"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"ST FRANCIS DISPLAYING THE STIGMATA\r\nAbout 1450\r\n\r\nSt Francis received the stigmata (the five\r\nwounds of Christ) during a vision in which\r\na seraph or six-winged angel appeared to\r\nhim on a cross. He was praying on Mount\r\nVerna during a 40-day fast when he had\r\nthe vision.\r\n\r\nItaly, Lombardy\r\nWatercolour on parchment,\r\nwith gold\r\nMuseum no. 4925","date":{"text":"2009","earliest":"2009-01-01","latest":"2009-12-31"}}],"partNumbers":["4925"],"accessionNumberNum":"4925","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":null,"otherNumbers":[{"type":{"text":"Previous number","id":"THES51695"},"number":"MS 1167"}],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2019LU1977"],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-07","recordCreationDate":"2004-02-04","availableToBook":false}}