{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O89248"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O89248/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2009CA7167/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2009CA7167/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2009CA7167","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2009CA7161","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AE9930","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O89248/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O89248","accessionNumber":"A.11-1952","objectType":"Tableman","titles":[{"title":"A Goat","type":"generic title"}],"summaryDescription":"The game of tables, or backgammon, was popular in the 11th and 12th centuries. There were 15 counters to each side, and 12th century boards inlaid with bone sections have been excavated at Gloucester and Saint-Denis. About 250 Romanesque tablemen with figurative designs survive. The game was popular throughout Northern Europe and the pieces were made in a number of different centres, with the most productive workshops based in Northern France and Cologne.\r\nThey are to be found in most museums with archaeological collections and difficult to date because of their simple ornament and the unchanging nature of their design.\r\n\r\nElephant and walrus ivory and whalebone are prepared for carving by removing the outer layer, known as the ‘husk’ or ‘cementum’ (see below). The tusk is then sawn into the appropriate shape for a figure or relief. The carver uses small knives, chisels, gouges and files, very similar to those used for wood carving. After polishing, ivory can be stained or partially painted or gilded.","physicalDescription":"Circular tableman of walrus ivory carved with a goat with straight horns, beard and cloven hooves, standing before a flowering shrub and encloced within a beaded border. The body facing left, and its head turned completely round to face right.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"ivory","id":"AAT11857"}],"techniques":[],"materialsAndTechniques":"Walrus ivory","categories":[{"text":"Games","id":"THES48947"},{"text":"Sculpture","id":"THES48896"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"SCP","id":"THES48600"},"images":["2009CA7167","2009CA7161","2006AE9930"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"111","id":"THES49918"},"free":"","case":"CA8","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Tableman","id":""}],[{"text":"Game piece","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"France","id":"x28849"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"probably Northern France or Lower Rhenish"}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"mid 12th century","earliest":"1125-01-01","latest":"1175-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Diameter","value":"4.6","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Thickness","value":"1.6","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Purchased from Bertram Noller, London, in 1952, £20.\r\nThere is the possibility that the depicted goat should be read as Capricorn, although this zodiacal symbol is more often shown as a goat-fish, with the upper half of a goat and the tail of a fish.","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Tableman, walrus ivory, probably Northern France or Lower Rhenish, mid 12th century","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Beckwith, J. <u>Ivory Carvings in Early Medieval England</u>, London, 1972, cat. no. 160, fig. 257"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Mann, Vivien. [Ph. D. dissertation] <font -u>Romanesque Ivory Tableman.</font> New York University, 1977. cat. no. 68, pl. XXXV"}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"goat","id":"x30394"},{"text":"capricorn","id":"AAT169872"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["A.11-1952"],"accessionNumberNum":"11","accessionNumberPrefix":"A","accessionYear":1952,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2019LN2195","2019LV6345"],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-07","recordCreationDate":"2004-01-13","availableToBook":false}}