{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O89237"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O89237/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2011FD2407/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2011FD2407/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2011FD2407","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AE3940","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AC5627","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2018KN9742","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2019MC6942","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O89237/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O89237","accessionNumber":"A.45-1951","objectType":"Relief","titles":[{"title":"The Holy Family (ivory relief)","type":"generic title"}],"summaryDescription":"Ivory was popular as a material for religious subjects, especially during the 17th and 18th centuries. German and Netherlandish artists were renowned for their dexterity in ivory carving. This relief of the Holy Family with the infant St John the Baptist, is monogrammed by Paul Heermann (1673-1732), who was the nephew of a sculptor, Johann Georg Heermann, and who worked in Prague and Rome, before settling in Dresden in about 1701/2. As well as carving ivory and stone, Heermann also provided models for the Meissen porcelain factory. This piece is likely to be based on an engraved source; another version is in the Würth Collection in Germany. ","physicalDescription":"The Virgin sits with legs crossed on a tasselled cushion on the ground. She looks down to the left at the Child Christ who straddles her knees to embrace the young St. John, who kneels on the left. St. Joseph above to the right leans with his left elbow on a treetrunk, rests his head on his left hand and turns his head upwards to his right, with his eyes closed. Behind the group is a tree and in the distance to the left a tree on a hill.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Heermann, Paul","id":"A11470"},"association":{"text":"sculptor","id":"x43862"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"ivory","id":"AAT11857"},{"text":"wood","id":"AAT11914"},{"text":"gold","id":"AAT11021"}],"techniques":[{"text":"relief","id":"AAT53622"},{"text":"gilding","id":"AAT53789"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Ivory relief on wood backing in a gilt metal frame.","categories":[{"text":"Christianity","id":"THES48978"},{"text":"Sculpture","id":"THES48896"},{"text":"Religion","id":"THES48900"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"SCP","id":"THES48600"},"images":["2011FD2407","2006AE3940","2006AC5627","2018KN9742","2019MC6942"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"111","id":"THES49918"},"free":"","case":"DU1","shelf":"DR6","box":"4"},{"current":{"text":"001","id":"THES395604"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Relief","id":""}],[{"text":"Frame","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Dresden","id":"x28810"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x39722"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"c. 1700 - ca. 1730","earliest":"1695-01-01","latest":"1734-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x39722"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Given by Dr W. L. Hildburgh FSA","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"13.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"9.4","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"'PH (elided)'","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"PH is the mongram for the sculptor Paul Heermann."}],"objectHistory":"Given by Dr. W. L. Hildburgh, F. S. A., 1951. Apparently acquired from a 'Bond Steet shop' [in London] by the donor (Museum records).","historicalContext":"The relief is signed in the lower left-hand corner. It is probably based on an engraving.","briefDescription":"Relief, ivory in gilt metal frame, of the Holy Family and young St John the Baptist, by Paul Heermann, Germany (Dresden), ca. 1700-1730","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"C. Theuerkauff, Elfenbein Sammlung Reiner Winkler (2 vols.), Munich, 1984,  pp. 58, note 20 on p. 59, p. 171 and note 2 on p. 172"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"E. von Philippovich, 'Peter Hencke, der Monogrammist JPH und PH' in Mainz und der Mittelrhein. Studien für Wolfgang Fritz Volbach zu seinem 70. Geburtstag, Mainz, 1966, p. 679"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Theuerkauff, Christian, ed. <u>Elfenbein, Sammlung Reiner Winkler</u>, Vol II, 1994, p. 40, no. 10"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Theuerkauff, Christian, ed. <u>Elfenbein, Sammlung Reiner Winkler</u>, Vol I, 1984, pp. 58-59 and p. 171"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Schmidt, E. D., <u>Paul Heermann (1673-1732). Meister der Barockskulptur in Böhmen und Sachsen. Neue Aspekte seines Schaffens</u>, Munich, 2005, p. 69 and fig. 23 on p. 32"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Kappel, Jutta. <u>Elfenbein. Einblicke in doe Sammlung Reienr Winkler</u>, exhibition catalogue, Dresden, 2001, cat. 13, p. 48"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Trusted, Marjorie, <u>Baroque & Later Ivories</u>, Victoria & Albert Museum, London, 2013, cat. no. 69"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Cf. <u>Silberhirsch & Wunderprunk, in der Kunstkammer Würth</u>, exh. cat., Kunsthalle Würth, Schwäbisch Hall, 2015, pp. 110,1, ill. p. 111"}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[{"text":"Virgin Mary","id":"N480"},{"text":"Joseph","id":"N3590"},{"text":"Christ Child","id":"N4624"}],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"tree trunk","id":"x44826"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["A.45-1951","A.45PART-1951"],"accessionNumberNum":"45","accessionNumberPrefix":"A","accessionYear":1951,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE","Relief","Frame"],"assets":["2019LU8269","2019LW0411"],"recordModificationDate":"2025-06-27","recordCreationDate":"2004-01-13","availableToBook":false}}