{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O89200"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O89200/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2011EX8995/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2011EX8995/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2011EX8995","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2011EX9001","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AF0024","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017JT7532","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O89200/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O89200","accessionNumber":"A.42-1949","objectType":"Relief","titles":[{"title":"Scene in a woman's bath house","type":"generic title"}],"summaryDescription":"Elephant and walrus ivory and whalebone are prepared for carving by removing the outer layer, known as the ‘husk’ or ‘cementum’ (see below). The tusk is then sawn into the appropriate shape for a figure or relief. The carver uses small knives, chisels, gouges and files, very similar to those used for wood carving. After polishing, ivory can be stained or partially painted or gilded.\n\n","physicalDescription":"Nude female figures of bathers. In the foreground on the left, one female combs her hair, while on the right another bends to have her hair washed by a third whilst a child washes her legs. In the background, seated on a wall behind the four foreground figures, a woman holds the hand of a boy urinating. Near her a standing woman examines the head of a seated man, perhaps searching for fleas.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Kern, Leonhard","id":"A11938"},"association":{"text":"carver","id":"AAT25256"},"note":"school of"}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"ivory","id":"AAT11857"}],"techniques":[{"text":"carving","id":"AAT53149"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Elephant ivory","categories":[{"text":"Sculpture","id":"THES48896"},{"text":"Reliefs","id":"THES49035"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"SCP","id":"THES48600"},"images":["2011EX8995","2011EX9001","2006AF0024","2017JT7532"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"002","id":"THES395605"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Relief","id":"AAT53622"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Germany","id":"x28873"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"south"}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1650","earliest":"1645-01-01","latest":"1654-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Given by Dr W. L. Hildburgh FSA","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"20","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"10","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Given by Dr W.L. Hildburgh F.S.A. in 1949; formerly on loan from Dr Hildburgh.","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Relief, ivory, Scene in a Woman's Bath House, school of Leonhard Kern, German, ca. 1650","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Theuerkauff, C. <font -u>Addenda und Anmerkungen zum Katalog des Ausstellung Leonhard Kern (1588-1662), 22. X. 1988-15. 1. 1989 in Schwäbisch Hall. (Kataloge des Hällisch-Fränkischen Museums Schwäbisch Hall , band 2 Supplement).</font> p. 58, fig. 24"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Trusted, Majorie. ed. <font -u>The Making of Sculpture: the Materials and Techniques of European Sculpture.</font> London: V&A Publications, 2007, p. 120, pl. 219"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Cf. Grünenwald, Elisabeth. <font -u>Leonhard Kern: ein Bildhauer des Barock.</font> Schwäbisch Hall, 1969, cat. no. 156"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Cf. von Brita v. Götz-Mohr. <font -u>Wissenschaftliche Kataloge : Nachantike kleinplastische Bildwerke. III. Die deutschsprachigen Länder. Melsungen, 1989, cat. 31, pp. 74-76"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Trusted, Marjorie, <u>Baroque & Later Ivories</u>, Victoria & Albert Museum, London, 2013, cat. no. 26"}],"production":"The style of this relief is reminiscent of the work of Leonhard Kern (1588-1663), and it may have been carved by someone working in his circle.","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"baths","id":"AAT7353"},{"text":"woman","id":"x35642"},{"text":"boy","id":"x42934"},{"text":"man","id":"x35641"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["A.42-1949"],"accessionNumberNum":"42","accessionNumberPrefix":"A","accessionYear":1949,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2019LN1491","2019LU2524"],"recordModificationDate":"2026-01-06","recordCreationDate":"2004-01-13","availableToBook":true}}