{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O88818"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O88818/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2009CA7162/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2009CA7162/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2009CA7162","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2009CA7158","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AM6059","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017KE2442","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O88818/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O88818","accessionNumber":"A.80-1923","objectType":"Panel","titles":[{"title":"The Crucifixion","type":"generic title"}],"summaryDescription":"This panel representing the Crucifixion was probably made in the late 10th century or early 11th century in England. The representation of the Crucifixion with Longinus and Stephaton alone, without the Virgin and St. John, as on this panel, is not common on ivories of the tenth or twelfth centuries. The composition of this panel is characteristic of the representations in Celtic art. A unique feature would be that the nimbi are given to Longinus and Stephaton.\r\nNineteen holes pierced in the corners and in the background of the cross seem to indicate that the ivory has been attached to a book-cover or a reliquary. A larger hole pierced diagonally at the top - for a chain or cord - suggests that subsequently it may have been used as a pectoral cross.","physicalDescription":"Relief in walrus ivory, the eyes formerly inlaid with jet beads, one of which still remains in the left eye of Longinus. The cross is placed on a rectangular ground and has a triple moulded border. Christ is shown with the legs together resting on a suppedaneum and arms rigidly outstretched, with his long hair falling on his left shoulder. He was once bearded and has a cruciform nimbus. He wears loin cloth. To the left and right are Longinus and Stephaton, both nimbed, stand holding the lance and sponge. Above the arms of the cross are two angels bearing wreaths and flying towards the cross. Above the head of Christ is the Hand of God (Dextera Dei).\r\nNineteen holes pierced in the corners and in the background of the cross seem to indicate that the ivory has been attached to a book-cover or a reliquary; a larger hole pierced diagonally at the top suggests that at some time it may have been used as a pectoral cross.\r\nThe eyes were formerly inlaid with jet beads, one of which remains in the left eye of Longinius.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"ivory","id":"AAT11857"},{"text":"jet","id":"AAT45514"}],"techniques":[{"text":"carving","id":"AAT53149"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Walrus ivory and jet","categories":[{"text":"Christianity","id":"THES48978"}],"styles":[{"text":"Anglo-Saxon","id":"AAT21024"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"SCP","id":"THES48600"},"images":["2009CA7162","2009CA7158","2006AM6059","2017KE2442"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"002","id":"THES395352"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Panel","id":""}],[{"text":"Plaque","id":""}],[{"text":"Cross","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"England","id":"x28826"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"late 10th century to early 11th century","earliest":"0950-01-01","latest":"1050-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"8","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"6.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Purchased at Sotheby's London, 11th July 1923.","historicalContext":"Nineteen holes pierced in the corners and in the background of the cross seem to indicate that the ivory has been attached to a book-cover or a reliquary. A larger hole pierced diagonally at the top - for a chain or cord - suggests that subsequently it may have been used as a pectoral cross.","briefDescription":"Plaque, reliquary cross, walrus ivory, the Crucifixion, Anglo-Saxon, late 10th or early 11th century","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Beckwith, John. <font -u>Ivory carvings in early medieval England.</font> London, 1972. cat. no. 33. fig. 69."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Casson, Stanley. Byzantium and Anglo-Saxon sculpture. <font -u>The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs.</font> 61, 1932. p. 174."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Longhurst, Margaret H. <font -u>Catalogue of Carvings in Ivory.</font> London: Published under the Authority of the Board of Education, 1927-1929. Part I. p. 84."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Cf. Kendrick, T. D. <font -u>Late Saxon and Viking art. </font>London: Methuen, 1949. pl. XL. d. p. 48."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Randall, R. H. Jnr. An eleventh Century Ivory Pectoral Cross. <font -u>Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes.</font> 25, 1962. p. 162. pl. 31a."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Williamson, P., Webster, L. The coloured decoration of Anglo-Saxon ivory carvings. <font -u>In</font>: Cather, S., Park, D. and Williamson, P. <font -u>Early medieval wall painting and painted sculpture in England.</font> Oxford, 1990. pp. 179, 182. pl. 13."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Williamson, Paul. <u>Medieval Ivory Carvings. Early Christian to Romanesque</u>. London, V&A Publishing, Victoria and Albert Museum, 2010, pp. 236, 7, cat.no. 59"},{"reference":{"text":"<i>Exhibition of English Mediaeval Art, 1930.</i>, London : V&A, Published by authority of the Board of Education, 1930","id":"AUTH357071"},"details":"85","free":""}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[{"text":"Jesus Christ","id":"N2525"},{"text":"Longinus","id":"N411"},{"text":"Stephaton","id":"N410"}],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[{"text":"The Crucifixion","id":"V106"}],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["A.80-1923"],"accessionNumberNum":"80","accessionNumberPrefix":"A","accessionYear":1923,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2019LU1400"],"recordModificationDate":"2025-12-04","recordCreationDate":"2004-01-08","availableToBook":false}}