{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O87857"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O87857/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AK2028/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AK2028/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006AK2028","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2023NP1070","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2023NP1069","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O87857/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O87857","accessionNumber":"M.123-1937","objectType":"Dish","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"Northern European brass basins dating from the 15th century adopted a form that had been popular since medieval times, with a small diameter and deep sides. The whole of the bottom of the inside of these basins was covered with relief decoration. The subject matter usually fell into one of three categories: scenes from classical antiquity, themes from the Old or New Testaments, or allegorical figures personifying vices and virtues.\r\n\r\nThe centre of this basin shows the Virgin and Child. As the mother of Jesus Christ, the Virgin Mary has an exceedingly rich iconography that is due only in small part to the Gospels but rather seems to have grown over the centuries out of the need of the Christian Church for a mother figure - the object of worship that lay at the centre of many ancient religions. The designation of the Virgin Mary as the ‘Mother of God’ was endorsed by the Council of Ephesus in 431. Thereafter the image of the Mother and Child as a representation of official doctrine gained ground throughout the Christian Church. The cult of the Virgin remained a statement of faith throughout the Middle Ages and the challenge to her role made by the Reformation in the 16th century served only to give fresh impetus to her portrayal by those who venerated her. \r\n\r\nBrass dishes that were exported to Britain were sometimes used as alms dishes. Elsewhere their function was primarily secular, even if their iconography was principally religious. European paintings of domestic interiors show that they were frequently used in conjunction with lavabos (basins) or ewers, also in brass, for washing hands after a meal. Before the 17th century, when forks became customary, such equipment was essential to any dining table.\r\n\r\nCentres of brass production in late medieval Europe tended to be situated close to plentiful sources of calamine, the carbonate of zinc that, when smelted with copper, produced brass alloy. The brass industry in northern Europe was concentrated between the Meuse and Rhine rivers, where the most important deposits of calamine lay. The main centres of production were the Attenberg and Holberg mines, both near Aachen, and the Kornelimünster and Gressenich, which lie between Givet and Liège. The two latter mines were the principal sources of supply for the town of Dinant, which was the biggest centre of brass production until the town was sacked by the Duke of Burgundy in 1466. Brass production in Nuremberg and Aachen henceforth assumed greater importance, while refugee brassworkers found their way to neighbouring towns such as Brussels, Namur and Malines.","physicalDescription":"In the centre of the dish is shown the Virgin and Child in a flaming mandorla.  Above, two cherubs hold a crown.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"brass","id":"AAT10946"}],"techniques":[{"text":"hammered","id":"AAT54098"},{"text":"stamped","id":"x36244"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Brass, hammered in relief and stamped","categories":[{"text":"Metalwork","id":"THES48920"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"MET","id":"THES48599"},"images":["2006AK2028","2023NP1070","2023NP1069"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"030","id":"THES407239"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Dish","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Flanders","id":"x36939"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"possibly"},{"place":{"text":"Germany","id":"x28873"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"possibly"}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"late 15th century-early 16th century","earliest":"1450-01-01","latest":"1550-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Given by Dr W. L. Hildburgh FSA","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Diameter","value":"10","unit":"in","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Height","value":"2.625","unit":"in","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Brass dish depicting the Virgin and Child, with two cherubs holding a crown, Flemish or German, late 15th or early 16th century","bibliographicReferences":[],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"One of a group of basins, dishes and bowls known by collectors as Nuremberg Brass Basins, even though many were made elsewhere.","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"cherubs","id":"AAT250465"},{"text":"mandorla","id":"x36265"},{"text":"Virgin and Child","id":"x31507"},{"text":"crown","id":"AAT46020"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["M.123-1937"],"accessionNumberNum":"123","accessionNumberPrefix":"M","accessionYear":1937,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-09-12","recordCreationDate":"2003-12-19","availableToBook":true}}