{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O87228"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O87228/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2013GD8039/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2013GD8039/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2013GD8039","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AD1270","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2013GD8040","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2013GD8041","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2013GD8042","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2013GD8043","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2013GD8044","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2013GD8045","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2013GD8046","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2013GT9465","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2019LX1284","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O87228/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O87228","accessionNumber":"361-1854","objectType":"Statuette","titles":[{"title":"St. Michael ","type":"generic title"},{"title":"St. Michael and the Devil","type":"popular title"}],"summaryDescription":"This statuette in carved ivory represents Saint Michael and is either from the Netherlands or Spanish, made in ca. 1460-1490.\r\nIt was previously considered to depict St. George and the dragon.\r\n\r\nIt shows the Saint in complete armour, holding his sword above his head and a tiny round shield in his left hand, about to strike a horned dragon upon whom he tramples, who represents Satan. Images of the Archangel Michael vanquishing the Devil, both painted and sculpted and from the monumental to the miniature, were immensely popular in the Gothic period. However ivory statuettes of the saint are not common. A Spanish origin, most likely in the medieval Crown of Aragon (comprising Catalonia, Aragon and Valencia), is probable, notwithstanding the difficulties of separating Spanish works of art of this type and date from their Netherlandish models. The V&amp;A ivory shares its dramatic pose, with sword-holding arm lifted high above the head, with Bartolomé Bermejo's painted panel of 1468, now in the National Gallery in London, once the central panel of an altarpiece formerly in the church of San Miguel in Tous, near Valencia. Another small but unusual detail links the two images: the devil's limbs in both cases issue from beasts' heads.","physicalDescription":"Statuette of the Saint in complete armour, holding his sword above his head and a tiny round shield in his left hand, about to strike the prostrate horned dragon upon whom he tramples. He is shown trampling on Satan in the form of a dragon, with a gilt-metal sword in his raised right hand and a small circular buckler with a cross motif in his left. Carved in the round, the figure is fully armoured in the style of the years 1460-90, although his feathered skirt, with hanging tassets, is imaginary rather than based on actual models. ","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"ivory","id":"AAT11857"}],"techniques":[],"materialsAndTechniques":"Carved ivory","categories":[{"text":"Sculpture","id":"THES48896"},{"text":"Christianity","id":"THES48978"},{"text":"Religion","id":"THES48900"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"SCP","id":"THES48600"},"images":["2013GD8039","2006AD1270","2013GD8040","2013GD8041","2013GD8042","2013GD8043","2013GD8044","2013GD8045","2013GD8046","2013GT9465","2019LX1284"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"111","id":"THES49918"},"free":"","case":"8","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Statuette","id":"x45409"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Netherlands","id":"x29020"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"or Spanish"}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1460-1490","earliest":"1455-01-01","latest":"1490-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"11.7","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Previously considered to depict St. George and the dragon. Purchased in 1854 (£10); according to Longhurst it was acquired in London, but this has not been confirmed in the Museum records. ","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Statuette, St Michael vanquishing the Devil, carved ivory, Spanish or Netherlandish, ca. 1460-90","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Inventory of Art Objects Acquired in the Year 1854. <u>In</u>: <u>Inventory of the Objects in the Art Division of the Museum at South Kensington, Arranged According to the Dates of their Acquisition. Vol I</u>. London: Printed by George E. Eyre and William Spottiswoode for H.M.S.O., 1868, p. 15"},{"reference":{"text":"Maskell, W., <u>A Description of the Ivories Ancient and Medieval in the South Kensington Museum</u>, London, 1872","id":"AUTH330219"},"details":"p. 1","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"Maskell, A., <u>Ivories</u>, London, 1905","id":"AUTH332726"},"details":"pl. XL, 4","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"Longhurst, Margaret H., <u>Catalogue of Carvings in Ivory</u>. Part II. London: Victoria and Albert Museum, 1929","id":"AUTH329986"},"details":"p. 108 (not illustrated)","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"Williamson, Paul and Davies, Glyn, <u>Medieval Ivory Carvings, 1200-1550</u>, (in 2 parts), V&A Publishing, Victoria and Albert Museum, London, 2014","id":"AUTH332632"},"details":"part 1, pp. 105-106","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"Maskell, W., <u>A Description of the Ivories Ancient and Medieval in the South Kensington Museum</u>, London, 1872","id":"AUTH330219"},"details":"p. 1","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"Maskell, A., <u>Ivories</u>, London, 1905","id":"AUTH332726"},"details":"pl. XL, 4","free":""}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[{"text":"Michael (Saint)","id":"N631"},{"text":"Michael (Archangel)","id":"N899"}],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"dragon","id":"x30096"},{"text":"devil","id":"x35366"},{"text":"sword","id":"AAT37048"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["361-1854"],"accessionNumberNum":"361","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":1854,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2024NX7141","2019LV7533"],"recordModificationDate":"2025-08-19","recordCreationDate":"2003-12-12","availableToBook":false}}