{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O85915"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O85915/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AF0321/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AF0321/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006AF0321","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2014GY0414","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2019MA6825","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O85915/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O85915","accessionNumber":"420-1878","objectType":"Kalian","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"This ceramic vessel is a ‘kalian’ or base for a water-pipe used in the newly introduced practice of smoking tobacco. It held the water through which the smoke was drawn in order to cool it using a long flexible tube connected to a container through two holes. They are also known as a hookah, huqqa, qalian, qalyan, qaliyan, narghile, shisha, and a hubble-bubble.\r\n\r\nThe decoration combines two types of ornament and aesthetics. The blue-and-white decoration was inspired by Chinese models, which had been popular in Iran since the 14th century. Production rose sharply in the 17th century, when Chinese wares were temporarily unavailable. The red- and green coloured slip represents an Islamic technique and design, completely non-Chinese in inspiration. The deer painted in red unites the two styles.\r\n","physicalDescription":"Kalian, or hookah base, decorated around the body with blue landscapes and deer, contrasting with slip-painted half-palmette panels of green and red carnation sprays and red deer","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"fritware","id":"x29419"}],"techniques":[],"materialsAndTechniques":"Fritware, painted in green and red slip and underglaze blue","categories":[{"text":"Ceramics","id":"THES48982"},{"text":"Smoking accessories","id":"THES49036"}],"styles":[{"text":"Safavid","id":"AAT21712"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"MES","id":"THES48607"},"images":["2006AF0321","2014GY0414","2019MA6825"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"137","id":"THES49876"},"free":"","case":"28","shelf":"3","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Kalian, or hookah base","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Kerman","id":"x32854"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"probably"},{"place":{"text":"Iran","id":"x30220"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1650-1700","earliest":"1650-01-01","latest":"1700-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"30.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Diameter","value":"20","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Kalian (water-pipe base), fritware, underglaze painted in cobalt blue with green and red slip, depicting deer in landscape; Iran, 1650-1700","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"Lane, Arthur. Later Islamic Pottery. London: Faber and Faber, 1957.","id":"AUTH407102"},"details":"pp.82-4, colour plate D","free":""}],"production":"\"Kirman Polychrome\"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"landscapes","id":"AAT15636"},{"text":"flowers","id":"x35571"},{"text":"animals","id":"x30274"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"Base for a water pipe\r\nFritware with polychrome decoration\r\nPERSIAN (KIRMAN); 17th century","date":{"text":"Old label","earliest":null,"latest":"2003-11-30"}},{"text":"Jameel Gallery\r\n\r\nWater-pipe Base\r\nIran, probably Kirman\r\n1600-1700\r\n\r\nTwo types of ornament are combined on this piece. The blue-and-white decoration was inspired by Chinese models. But Islamic designs were used in the areas painted with coloured slips. The animals painted in red link the two.\r\n\r\nFritware painted under the glaze\r\n\r\nMuseum no. 420-1878","date":{"text":"2006-2010","earliest":"2006-01-01","latest":"2010-12-31"}}],"partNumbers":["420-1878"],"accessionNumberNum":"420","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":1878,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2019LR2637","2019LT3940","2019LW9869"],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-12","recordCreationDate":"2003-11-18","availableToBook":false}}