{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O8575"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O8575/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2009CD9084/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2009CD9084/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2009CD9084","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006BA0030","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017KM8767","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O8575/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O8575","accessionNumber":"C.105-1919","objectType":"Panel","titles":[{"title":"Christ Feeding the Five Thousand","type":""},{"title":"Miracle of the Loaves and Fishes","type":""}],"summaryDescription":"Like much other medieval stained glass, this window has been displayed in a number of locations during its history. It may have originally been produced for the Romanesque Cathedral of Troyes, which was destroyed by fire in 1188, but it is also possible that it could have been from another building nearby - the collegiate church of Saint-Etienne. By the nineteenth century the window had been installed in the Lady Chapel of Troyes Cathedral, which had only been built in the thirteenth century. The window is likely to have been removed from the Cathedral during renovations (1849-1866) when much of the glass was dispersed.\r\n\r\nThe window depicts the Feeding of the Five Thousand which is one of the miracles performed by Jesus Christ and is reported in all four gospels. The seated figure of Christ dominates the centre of the scene as he clutches the five loaves and two fishes and which he is to miraculously multiply to feed those who have gathered to hear him speak.","physicalDescription":"Christ is shown in the centre with a basket containing the fishes. The disciples are at each side of him and the people are seated on the ground before him. The background is of a blue chequer pattern.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"glass","id":"AAT10797"}],"techniques":[{"text":"pot metal","id":"x38933"},{"text":"painting","id":"x30598"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Clear and coloured glass with painted details","categories":[{"text":"Stained Glass","id":"THES48891"},{"text":"Christianity","id":"THES48978"},{"text":"Religion","id":"THES48900"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"CER","id":"THES48594"},"images":["2009CD9084","2006BA0030","2017KM8767"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"SHLN","id":"THES49063"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Stained Glass","id":"x29590"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"France","id":"x28849"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"late 12th century to early 13th century","earliest":"1150-01-01","latest":"1250-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[{"object":{"text":"C.106-1919","id":"O8574"},"association":""},{"object":{"text":"C.107-1919","id":"O8576"},"association":""},{"object":{"text":"C.108-1919","id":"O8577"},"association":""}],"creditLine":"Given by J. Pierpont Morgan, Jr","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"44.6","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"framed","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"51.4","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"framed","note":""},{"dimension":"Height","value":"43.0","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"sight","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"50.0","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"sight","note":""},{"dimension":"Weight","value":"6.1","unit":"kg","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"framed","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Measured for the Medieval and Renaissance Galleries 2005","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"(1188) Romanesque cathedral at Troyes destroyed in a fire. \r\n(1208) Bishop Hervé begins the rebuilding. By the time of his death in 1223 the choir was completed except for aisles and chapels. \r\n(1849-1866) Renovations in the cathedral. Much of the glass was dispersed and those that survived were subsequently dispersed.\r\n\r\nOne view (see Grodecki, Lafond) is that these panels (C.105-108-1919) were made for the Romanesque Cathedral at Troyes; they survived the fire and were re-used in the new Cathedral, with additions of borders to make them fit the new window openings. They were put in the Lady Chapel sometime after 1223.\r\n\r\nMore recent opinion suggests that they could have come from another church in Troyes, perhaps from St-Etienne; still dating from c.1170-80 with 13th century additions.\r\n\r\nThe panels had been on loan from J. Pierpont Morgan Sr. from 24 January 1910.","historicalContext":"(Little, Gesta, 1981) has identified what he feels to be four series of narrative glass originally from Troyes Cathedral. Two of these series relate to panels in the V&A. This information is taken from the descriptions recorded in the 19th century by Arnaud, Guilhermy and Fichot:\r\n\r\n1) St Nicholas series: \r\n- one panel in the V&A (C.106-1919) and one in the Musée de Cluny\r\n- have borders added in 13th century to fit the new apertures\r\n- were reused in the ambulatory chapels\r\n- however, it is possible that the St Nicholas series may have come from another church in Troyes\r\n\r\n2) Temptation series \r\n- two panels in V&A (C.107-108-1919), one in Canadian private collection\r\n- earliest known of this subject\r\n- the story of the Temptations of Christ are recorded in some depth in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke and referred to in passing only in Mark. \r\n- the traditional art historical understanding of the ordering of the temptations is as follows:\r\n        The command to turn stones into bread\r\n        The taking of Christ up to the top of the temple and challenging him to thrown      himself down.\r\n        The taking of Christ up a mountain and offering him dominion over all the kingdoms of the world.\r\n- however, the temptations as recorded in Matthew are as above but in Luke the order is as follows:\r\n       Stones, mountain, temple\r\nLittle makes reference to an illustrated psalter from Paris, dated to about 1200, which shows the temptations in an expanded format. Arnaud's descriptions of these panels in 1837 only record the usual scenes but with one addition - a scene of Christ with a vase full of gold and silver coins at his feet (the whereabouts of this panel is not known). \r\nFor this Temptation series, Little proposes a 6-scene window and suggests that the whole window would have been too small for the openings in the pre-fire Romanesque cathedral at Troyes and so believes that these panels were probably originally in a smaller church.","briefDescription":"Panel of clear and coloured glass with painted details. Depicting Christ Feeding the Five Thousand. From Troyes, France, 12th and 13th centuries.","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Arnaud, Anne-François. <i>Voyage archéologique et pittoresque dans le département de l'Aube et dans l'ancien diocèse de Troyes,</i> Troyes: L.C. Cardon, 1837."},{"reference":{"text":"Rackham, Bernard. A Guide to the Collections of Stained Glass, Victoria & Albert Museum. London, 1936.","id":"AUTH409799"},"details":"p.28, plate 7","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Grodecki, Louis. 'M. Louis Grodecki, a.c.n., apporte une contribution a l'histoire des vitraux champenois aux XIIe et XIIIe siecles,' <i>Bulletin de la Societé nationale des Antiquaires de France</i>, 1954-1955 (1957): 27."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Lafond, Jean. <i>Les vitraux de la Cathédrale de Saint-Pierre de Troyes</i>, Paris: [n.p.], 1957."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Aubert, Marcel et al. <i>Le vitrail français. </i>Paris: Éditions des Deux-Mondes, 1958."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Grodecki, Louis. 'Les vitraux de la fin du XIIe ou du début du XIIIe siècle à la cathédrale de Troyes,' <i>Bulletin de la Société Nationale des Antiquaires de France </i>1961 (1963): 57-58."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Grodecki, Louis. 'Problèmes de la peinture en Champagne pendant la seconde moitié du douzième siècle,' in <i>Studies in Western Art: Acts of the Twentieth International Congress of the History of Art</i>, ed. Millard Meiss, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1963, vol. 1, pp. 129-141."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Hoffmann, Konrad. <i>The Year 1200: A Centennial Exhibition at The Metropolitan Museum of Art</i>. Exhibition Catalogue, New York, The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1970, vol. 1, pp. 196-99, cat. no 204."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Caviness, Madeline H. ''De convenientia et cohaerentia antiqui et novi operis': Medieval Conservation, Restoration, Pastiche and Forgery,' in <i>Intuition und Kunstwissenschaft: Festschrift für Hanns Swarzenski zum 70. Geburtstag</i>, ed. Peter Bloch et.al, Berlin: Gebr. Mann, 1973, pp. 205-21, here 206-9."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Grodecki, Louis. 'Nouvelles découvertes sur les vitraux de la cathédrale de Troyes,' in <i>Intuition und Kunstwissenschaft: Festschrift für Hanns Swarzenski</i>, ed. Peter Bloch et. al, Berlin: Gebr. Mann,  1973, pp. 199-203."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Little, Charles T. 'Membra Disjecta: More Early Stained Glass from Troyes Cathedral,' <i>Gesta</i> 20 (1981): 119-127."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Hayward, Jane and Cahn, Walter (eds). <i>Radiance and Reflection: Medieval Art from the Raymond Pitcairn Collection</i>. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1982, pp. 105-9. "},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Pastan, Elizabeth Carson. 'Fit for a Count: The Twelfth-Century Stained Glass Panels from Troyes,' <i>Speculum</i> 64 (1989): 338-372."},{"reference":{"text":"Williamson, Paul. Medieval and Renaissance stained glass in the Victoria and Albert Museum. London: V&A Publications, 2003.","id":"AUTH409793"},"details":"pp. 22-24, figs. 6-8, pp. 132-33, cat. nos 6-8.","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Hayward, Jane. <i>English and French Medieval Stained Glass in the Collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art</i>, rev. and ed. Mary B. Shepard and Cynthia Clark. Corpus Vitrearum USA 1. New York: Harvey Miller Publishers and the Metropolitan Museum of Art for American Corpus Vitrearum, 2003, pp. 60-67."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Lagabrielle, Sophie. <i>Vitraux: Musée national du Moyen Âge, Thermes et Hôtel de Cluny.</i> Paris: Réunion des musées nationaux, 2006, pp. 18-25."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Pastan, Elizabeth C. and Balcon, Sylvie. <i>Les vitraux du choeur de la cathédrale de Troyes, XIII<sup>e</sup> siècle</i>. Corpus Vitrearum France II, Paris: CTHS, 2006, pp. 230-34. "},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Boulanger, Karine. 'Découverte d'un panneau de vitrail du XIIe siècle dans une collection particulière,' <i>Bulletin Monumental</i> 169 (2011): 65-68. "},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Pastan, Elizabeth C. 'J. Pierpont Morgan and the Collecting of the 12th-Century Stained-Glass Panels from Troyes,' in <i>Collections of Stained Glass and their Histories. Transactions of the 25th International Colloquium of the Corpus Vitrearum in Saint Petersburg, The State Hermitage Museum, 2010</i>, ed. Tim Ayers, Brigitte Kurmann-Schwarz, Claudine Lautier and Hartmut Scholz, Bern: Peter Lang, 2012, pp. 227-38."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Pastan, Elizabeth Carson. '<i>Realpolitik</i> and Artistic Patronage in Twelfth- and Thirteenth-century Troyes,' in <i>The Four Modes of Seeing: Approaches to Medieval Imagery in Honor of Madeline Harrison Caviness</i>, ed. Evelyn Staudinger Lane, Elizabeth Carson Pastan and Ellen M. Shortell, Farnham: Ashgate, 2009, pp. 530-46."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Brennan, Christine E. 'Hoentschel's Gothic Importance,' in <i>Salvaging the Past: Georges Hoentschel and French Decorative Arts from The Metropolitan Museum of Art</i>, ed. by Daniëlle O. Kisluk-Grosheide, Deborah L. Krohn and Ulrich Leben. Exh. Cat., New York, Bard Graduate Center. New York: Bard Graduate Center, The Metropolitan Museum of Art and Yale University Press, 2013, pp. 144-63, here p. 153."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Balcon-Berry, Sylvie and Boulanger, Karine. 'Découverte d'un panneau de la <i>Transfiguration</i> du derniers tiers du XIIe siècle provenant de Troyes,' <i>Revue de l'art</i> 214 (2021-24): 128-33."}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[{"text":"Jesus Christ","id":"N1515"}],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[{"text":"Miracle of the Loaves and Fishes","id":"V323"}],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"fish","id":"x30068"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":["New Testament"],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["C.105-1919"],"accessionNumberNum":"105","accessionNumberPrefix":"C","accessionYear":1919,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2026PM4528","2026PM4487","2019LN4828","2019LP6940","2019LT3306","2019LW5581"],"recordModificationDate":"2026-04-07","recordCreationDate":"1998-07-28","availableToBook":false}}