{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O84681"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O84681/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AH0763/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AH0763/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006AH0763","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AG9759","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AG9758","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AF4120","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017KE1185","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O84681/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O84681","accessionNumber":"A.150-1922","objectType":"Panel","titles":[{"title":"St James the Greater","type":"generic title"}],"summaryDescription":"This Apostle probably comes from the upper part of a rood-screen and is one of twelve panels held in the Museum said to have come from a church in the town or province of Zamora, Spain (inv.nos. A.148 to 159-1922).  The Apostles would have stood in a line just below the rood (a large figure of the crucified Christ).  Each figure is identified by the inscription on his scroll and by a specific attribute, or symbol. here St James carries his emblem a staff in his right hand. He is shown dressed as a pilgrim as his shrine at Santiago de Compostela in Spain was one of the most important centres for Medieval pilgrimmage.\r\n\r\nThe carving of alabaster, mostly quarried in Tutbury and Chellaston near Nottingham, took on industrial proportions in England between the middle of the 14th and the early 16th centuries. The market for altarpieces and smaller devotional images was a large one. It included not only religious foundations but also the merchant classes. Many hundreds of English alabasters were exported, some as far afield as Iceland and Santiago de Compostela in north-west Spain.\r\nAlabaster - a form of gypsum - is a comparatively soft material and is therefore easy to carve. It can also be polished. Its natural colour was especially useful for the representation of faces and flesh, which would normally remain unpainted.  ","physicalDescription":"The panel has a plain border on each vertical side, and a base showing three facets in front. The haloed figure of St. James, with a beard and wearing a gown, a cloak, and a hat decorated with a scallop shell.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"alabaster","id":"AAT11101"},{"text":"paint","id":"AAT15029"},{"text":"gilt","id":"x30367"}],"techniques":[{"text":"carving","id":"AAT53149"},{"text":"painting","id":"x30598"},{"text":"gilding","id":"AAT53789"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Carved, painted and gilt alabaster","categories":[{"text":"Sculpture","id":"THES48896"},{"text":"Religion","id":"THES48900"},{"text":"Christianity","id":"THES48978"}],"styles":[{"text":"Medieval","id":"AAT20756"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"SCP","id":"THES48600"},"images":["2006AH0763","2006AG9759","2006AG9758","2006AF4120","2017KE1185"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"111","id":"THES49918"},"free":"","case":"CA7","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Statuette an apostle","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"England","id":"x28826"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1440-1460","earliest":"1440-01-01","latest":"1460-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[{"object":{"text":"A.148-1922","id":"O84680"},"association":"Set"},{"object":{"text":"A.149:1-1922","id":"O71552"},"association":"Set"},{"object":{"text":"A.149:2-1922","id":"O71552"},"association":"Set"},{"object":{"text":"A.149:3-1922","id":"O71552"},"association":"Set"},{"object":{"text":"A.151-1922","id":"O84683"},"association":"Set"},{"object":{"text":"A.152-1922","id":"O84684"},"association":"Set"},{"object":{"text":"A.153-1922","id":"O71580"},"association":"Set"},{"object":{"text":"A.154-1922","id":"O71583"},"association":"Set"},{"object":{"text":"A.155-1922","id":"O84685"},"association":"Set"},{"object":{"text":"A.156-1922","id":"O71589"},"association":"Set"},{"object":{"text":"A.157-1922","id":"O71593"},"association":"Set"},{"object":{"text":"A.158-1922","id":"O71599"},"association":"Set"},{"object":{"text":"A.159-1922","id":"O84686"},"association":"Set"}],"creditLine":"Given by Art Fund","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"45.4","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"14.2","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"From Cheetham, <font -u>English Medieval Alabasters</font -u>, 1984.","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"From a church either in the town of Zamora in Spain or in the province of Zamora. One of the 12 panels of the Apostles' Creed Altarpiece. Latterly in the possession of G. Thomas. Gift of the National Art Collections Fund in 1922.","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Alabaster panel depicting St James the Greater, English, 1440-1460","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Cheetham, Francis. <font -u>English Medieval Alabasters</font -u>. Oxford: Phaidon-Christie's Limited, 1984. p. 126 (cat. 55), ill. ISBN 0-7148-8014-0"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"<font -u>Europalia 85 España. Santiago de Compostela: 1000 ans de pèlerinage Européen.</font> 1985. p. 369."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Bedford, R. P. An English set of the twelve apostles in alabaster. <font -u>Burlington Magazine.</font> XLII., 1923. p. 130."},{"reference":{"text":"Marks, R & Williamson, P. (Eds.), <i>Gothic. Art for England 1400-1547</i>, London, V&A, 2003","id":"AUTH356067"},"details":"","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"<i>Santiago de Compostela : 1000 ans de pèlerinage Européen ; Europalia 85 España</i>, Bruxelles : Crédit Communal, 1985","id":"AUTH356813"},"details":"368","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"<i>Santiago, Camino de Europa : Culto y cultura en la peregrinacón a Compostela</i>, Santiago : Xunta de Galcia, 1993","id":"AUTH356815"},"details":"170","free":""}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[{"text":"James (Saint, the Greater)","id":"N446"}],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"halo","id":"x35202"},{"text":"cloak","id":"AAT46142"},{"text":"scroll","id":"AAT28629"},{"text":"scallop shell","id":"AAT167875"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"Gothic\r\nThe Twelve Apostles\r\nAbout 1450 \r\n\r\nThe Apostles probably come from the upper part of a rood-screen.  They would have stood in a line just below the rood (a large figure of the crucified Christ).  Each figure is identified by the inscription on his scroll and by a specific attribute, or symbol.\r\n\r\nAlabaster, with substantial traces of painting and gilding.\r\n\r\nV&A: A.148 to 159-1922.  Gift of the National Art Collections Fund\r\nCat. 267","date":{"text":"2003","earliest":"2003-01-01","latest":"2003-12-31"}}],"partNumbers":["A.150-1922"],"accessionNumberNum":"150","accessionNumberPrefix":"A","accessionYear":1922,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2019LU1422","2023NH6851"],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-29","recordCreationDate":"2003-10-06","availableToBook":false}}