{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O84020"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O84020/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2020MP8179/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2020MP8179/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2020MP8179","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O84020/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O84020","accessionNumber":"3261 (IS)","objectType":"Quoits","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"Throwing quoits were an ancient Indian weapon and are widely depicted in Indian art but have come to be particularly associated with the Sikhs who used them in large numbers. The 'kara' steel bracelet worn by Sikhs is an allusion to the quoit as well as having other religious symbolism. \n\nThe flattened aerofoil section allowed them to be thrown with considerable accuracy.  Different sizes were employed at different ranges and in the right hands they could break or even sever limbs. However, in combat, they were primarily used to force an enemy to duck for cover allowing the Sikhs to rush at them. These examples have markings on them which are only found on Sikh versions.","physicalDescription":"Set of three flattened steel rings of various sizes, with flat inner surfaces and sharpened outer edges used by Akali Nihang Sikhs.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[],"techniques":[{"text":"forging (metal forming)","id":"AAT54033"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Steel, forged, filed","categories":[{"text":"Arms & Armour","id":"THES48992"},{"text":"India Museum","id":"THES286062"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"SSEA","id":"THES48598"},"images":["2020MP8179"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"002","id":"THES340051"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"002","id":"THES340051"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"002","id":"THES340051"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"chakram","id":""}],[{"text":"chakram","id":""}],[{"text":"chakram","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Punjab (India)","id":"x29839"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Transferred from the India Museum in 1879","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Diameter","value":"5.25","unit":"in","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"Smallest. Taken from Egerton","note":""},{"dimension":"Diameter","value":"11","unit":"in","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"Largest. Taken from Egerton","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Presented by Major, later Sir Herbert Edwards to the East India Company Museum in 1855\nAs originally arranged and displayed in Exhibition Road Indian Museum galleries until 1955, with some additions while in storage, case F.695","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Set of three steel quoits used by Sikh Akali Nihangs, Panjab, 19th century","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Lord Egerton of Tatton, Indian and Oriental Armour, London, 1896, p. 130, Cat. No. 615"},{"reference":{"text":"Egerton, Wilbraham, <i>An illustrated handbook of Indian arms; being a classified and descriptive catalogue of the arms exhibited at the India museum: with an introductory sketch of the military history of India</i>, London, 1880","id":"AUTH353483"},"details":"p.130","free":""}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["3261:3/(IS)","3261:1/(IS)","3261:2/(IS)"],"accessionNumberNum":"3261","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":null,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE","chakram [1]","chakram [2]","chakram [3]"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2026-07-10","recordCreationDate":"2003-09-05","availableToBook":true}}