{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O83495"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O83495/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2013GL4351/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2013GL4351/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2013GL4351","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2011EV9381","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AH4764","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O83495/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O83495","accessionNumber":"IM.2:99-1917","objectType":"Painting","titles":[{"title":"One of seven drawings of people and occupations and a lion.","type":"generic title"}],"summaryDescription":"The term ‘Company painting’ is applied to works made by Indian artists for Europeans living and working in India. They especially catered to British employees of the East India Company, the trading firm that, by the 18th century, had acquired a territorial empire in India. Such paintings represent a fusion of traditional Indian artistic styles with conventions and technical features borrowed from western art. The British were especially keen to have visual records of the people and places that surrounded them: portraits of local dignitaries and depictions of the various castes and trades, the strange-looking deities and temples, the festivals and ceremonies, animals and means of transport. \r\n\r\nCompany painting developed comparatively late in the Panjab in the north-west, since the British did not take over its administration until 1849. This example dating from about 1870–1875 was collected by John Lockwood Kipling while he was director from 1875 to 1893 of the Mayo School of Art at Lahore, in present-day north-east Pakistan. In 1917 it was presented to the V&A by his famous son, Rudyard. It depicts a <i>mali</i> (the Hindi for ‘gardener’) holding a vase of flowers standing on a dish of fruit. There are also flowers growing on either side of him.","physicalDescription":"A water-colour painting on paper of a gardener (mali). He is wearing a blue, western-style jacket over a beige dhoti, and a red turban and shoes. He is shown with flowers on either side of him as a mark of his profession, and he is carrying a tray with a vase of flowers and fruit on it.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"watercolour","id":"x33202"},{"text":"paper","id":"x30308"},{"text":"paper","id":"AAT14109"},{"text":"opaque watercolour","id":"x35013"},{"text":"paint","id":"AAT15029"}],"techniques":[{"text":"painted","id":"AAT54216"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Painted in opaque watercolour on paper","categories":[{"text":"Paintings","id":"THES48917"},{"text":"Gardens & Gardening","id":"THES49002"}],"styles":[{"text":"Company","id":"AAT18959"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"SSEA","id":"THES48598"},"images":["2013GL4351","2011EV9381","2006AH4764"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"003","id":"THES403792"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Painting","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Punjab (India)","id":"x29839"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1870 - ca. 1875","earliest":"1865-01-01","latest":"1879-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Given by Rudyard Kipling Esq., Bateman's, Burwash, Sussex","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Length","value":"25.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"19","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Part of an album, containing 196 prints, paintings and pen and pencil drawings together with 37 loose pages of paintings, calligraphic drawings, and outline pen drawings. The collection is mainly composed of native lithograph pictures sold at the local bazaars and fairs of Upper India and Bengal. The album was collected by late J Lockwood Kipling between the years 1865 and 1893. In 1875 he became Principal of the Mayo School of Art, Lahore and held this post until his retirement in 1893. The album was presented to the Museum by his son, Rudyard Kipling in 1917.\r\n\r\nGiven by Rudyard Kipling Esq., Bateman's, Burwash, Sussex. This acquisition information reflects that found in the Museum records (Asia Department registers and/or Central Inventory) as part of a 2023 provenance research project.\r\n\r\nR.P. 1917-2627M, R.P. 1917-2705M","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Painting; watercolour, One of seven drawings of people and occupations and a lion, Punjab, ca. 1870 - ca. 1875","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Archer, Mildred. <u> Company Paintings Indian Paintings of the British period</u> \r\nVictoria and Albert Museum Indian Series London: Victoria and Albert Museum, Maplin Publishing, 1992 174 p. ISBN 0944142303"},{"reference":{"text":"Bryant, Julius and Weber, Susan; John Lockwood Kipling: Arts and Crafts in the Punjab and London Newhaven: Yale University Press, 2017","id":"AUTH353890"},"details":"fig. 9.9, p. 215","free":""}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"figures (representations)","id":"AAT189808"},{"text":"flowers","id":"AAT132399"},{"text":"gardener","id":"AAT25614"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["IM.2:99-1917"],"accessionNumberNum":"2","accessionNumberPrefix":"IM","accessionYear":1917,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-06-11","recordCreationDate":"2003-08-19","availableToBook":true}}