{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O82834"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O82834/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2013GK2070/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2013GK2070/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2013GK2070","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006BJ8359","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006BJ8358","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006BJ8357","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AH4507","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2013GK2129","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O82834/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O82834","accessionNumber":"IS.157-1993","objectType":"Painting","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"This folio is a fine example of illustrated manuscript art from Orissa, eastern India. With the text incised on palm-leaf, it illustrates scenes from an Oriyan poem, the ‘Lavannyavati’. A colophon indicates that this edition was created for the Subudhi family, who were Orissan merchants. \r\n\r\nThe scene here depicts a woman devotee taking ‘darsana’ before the linga ([phallic symbol of Shiva) in a temple sanctuary, freshly decorated with flowers. A sculpture of Nandi faces the sanctuary, which is surmounted by a tapering tower (‘sikhara’) in the Orissan style of medieval temple architecture.\r\n\r\nThe oldest manuscripts produced in India were written or incised on birch-bark or palm-leaf. Long after paper became available, palm-leaf continued to be used for religious texts, especially in southern India. Indeed, paper manuscripts often followed the ‘landscape’ format of the palm-leaf rather than the vertical ‘codex’ form. Texts were either written directly onto the treated palm-leaf in ink, or incised with a metal stylus. They were highlighted by a soot solution  rubbed into the incised surface.","physicalDescription":"Palm-leaf page from an illustrated version of the Orissan poem 'Lavanyavati'. On the right, a nobleman sits under an awning smoking a huqqa, with a petitioner before him. An empty palanquin waits outside. Flowering trees separate pairs of  figures, the first one mounted and the others standing. The design is incised on the palm-leaf and then blackened with soot; small areas of red pigment are also added.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Prusti, Raghunath","id":"A10045"},"association":{"text":"maker","id":"AAT251917"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[],"techniques":[],"materialsAndTechniques":"Palm leaf, incised and coloured","categories":[{"text":"Hinduism","id":"THES48941"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"SSEA","id":"THES48598"},"images":["2013GK2070","2006BJ8359","2006BJ8358","2006BJ8357","2006AH4507","2013GK2129"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"001","id":"THES403467"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Double sided page from the Lavanyavati","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Odisha","id":"x29837"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"south"}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"circa 1880","earliest":"1875-01-01","latest":"1884-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Length","value":"4.8","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"40.6","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"This manuscript was created for the Subudhi family of merchants in Orissa.","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Folio from a lavanyavati manuscript, palm leaf incised and coloured, orissa, eastern india, circa 1880","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Guy, John: 'Indian Temple Sculpture', London V & A Publication, 2007, p.84. pl.93.\r\nISBN 971851775095\r\n"},{"reference":{"text":"L'escultura en el temples indis : l'art de la devoció : exposició organitzada per la Fundació \"La Caixa\" i el Victoria & Albert Museum, Londres. [Barcelona: Obra social, Fundació \"la Caixa\", c2007 Number: 9788476649466","id":"AUTH339669"},"details":"pp.95, 101, fig.50, Cat.54","free":""}],"production":"Ganjam District, Orissa, south India","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":["Lavanyavati"],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["IS.157-1993"],"accessionNumberNum":"157","accessionNumberPrefix":"IS","accessionYear":1993,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-05-02","recordCreationDate":"2003-07-28","availableToBook":true}}