{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O82298"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O82298/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AF8861/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AF8861/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006AF8861","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AF8853","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017JX8676","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O82298/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O82298","accessionNumber":"P.97&A-1931","objectType":"Portrait miniature","titles":[{"title":"Hilary Torriano","type":"generic title"}],"summaryDescription":"In its strict sense, the word ‘miniature’ describes a technique of painting in watercolour rather than the size of a painting. Miniature painting developed as a separate art in the 16th century and in Britain it became predominantly a portrait art. In Continental Europe, however, the taste for portraits small enough to be carried on the person was often met by artists working within very different artistic traditions. One type of ‘miniature’ (as all such small works are now known), produced more on the Continent than in Britain, was the oil miniature, usually painted on metal. Most of these oil miniatures are anonymous, since the art of painting small portraits in oil on metal was not one in which leading artists specialised. More often it was part of a repertoire of portrait styles offered by less well-known oil painters. \r\n\r\nThis is an unusual example of an oil miniature portrait by a named English artist. Thomas Frye’s career typifies the multitude of artistic activities undertaken by English artists in the early part of the 18th century. Born in 1710, he was manager of the Bow china factory.  He also painted oils, made mezzotints, drew works in crayon and so-called ‘plumbago’ (graphite) portraits, and painted miniatures in traditional watercolour as well as in enamel on metal and oil on metal. One problem with oil miniatures, which probably became apparent quite quickly, is that the varnish often discolours, which results in a darkened effect. This portrait has retained its colour well, but the maritime scene painted by Frye on a separate piece of metal and formerly framed at the back of this portrait has darkened.","physicalDescription":"Portrait miniature with a landscape oil miniature of a maritime scene, originally fitted to the reverse.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Frye, Thomas","id":"A8409"},"association":{"text":"artist","id":"AAT25103"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"copper","id":"AAT11020"},{"text":"oil colour","id":"AAT15050"}],"techniques":[{"text":"painting","id":"x30598"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Oil on copper","categories":[{"text":"Paintings","id":"THES48917"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2006AF8861","2006AF8853","2017JX8676"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"LVLF","id":"THES49656"},"free":"","case":"RMC","shelf":"6","box":"J"},{"current":{"text":"LVLF","id":"THES49656"},"free":"","case":"RMC","shelf":"6","box":"J"}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"miniature (painting)","id":"AAT33936"}],[{"text":"miniature (painting)","id":"AAT33936"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"No","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"England","id":"x28826"},"association":{"text":"painted","id":"x30138"},"note":"probably"}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1737","earliest":"1737-01-01","latest":"1737-12-31"},"association":{"text":"painted","id":"x30138"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Given by Mr W. A. J. Floersheim","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"76","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"63","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"The reverse of the miniature depicting a maritime scene derives from a print by J. B. Tilliard after François Boucher, which served as Frontispiece to Le Neptune Oriental by D'Après de Mannevillette. The print illustrates an episode contained in the first book of Virgil's Aeneid, where Neptune intervenes to help Aeneas' in his journey to Italy.","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Oil miniature portrait of Hilary Torriano (b. 1713), dated 1737, oil on copper, painted by Thomas Frye (1710-1762) and a landscape oil miniature of a maritime scene, originally fitted on  the reverse of P.97-1931, dated 1731, oil on copper, also by Thomas Frye.","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"William Laffan <u>Neglected genius: Thomas Frye, an Irish Artist in London</u> Dublin: Office of Public Works, 2024.\r\n\r\nISBN: 9781446881095, 9781446881101, 1446881091, 1446881105"}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"portrait","id":"AAT33936"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["P.97-1931","P.97A-1931"],"accessionNumberNum":"97","accessionNumberPrefix":"P","accessionYear":1931,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE","Miniature [1]","Miniature [2]"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-12-19","recordCreationDate":"2003-07-14","availableToBook":false}}