{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O82183"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O82183/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AF8928/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AF8928/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006AF8928","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O82183/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O82183","accessionNumber":"P.15-1923","objectType":"Portrait Miniature","titles":[{"title":"'Plumbago' Portrait Miniature of an Unknown Boy","type":"popular title"}],"summaryDescription":"In the second half of the 17th century in England there was a fashion for small black and white portraits drawn on vellum (fine animal skin). This medium is more durable than paper. Although these portraits were called 'plumbagos', meaning black lead, they were usually drawn in graphite and sometimes in ink. This portrait is done in graphite. ‘Plumbagos' developed in the Netherlands in the late 16th century within the print trade. They developed from the printmakers’ original drawings on paper, from which a print would have been engraved. 'Plumbagos' were introduced into England when the monarchy was restored in 1660, by printmakers who returned home from exile abroad. As the taste for 'plumbagos' became established, artists who were not printmakers also began to produce them.\r\n\r\nA few artists continued the art of the 'plumbago' into the early 18th century. Charles Forster was probably a son of Thomas Forster, who was also a 'plumbago' artist. His 'plumbago' miniatures date from about 1709 to 1717.","physicalDescription":"'Plumbago' miniature of an unknown boy, dated 1711, graphite on vellum","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Forster, Charles","id":"A9797"},"association":{"text":"artist","id":"AAT25103"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"plumbago","id":"AAT11098"},{"text":"vellum","id":"AAT11852"}],"techniques":[{"text":"drawing","id":"x32498"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Graphite on vellum","categories":[{"text":"Portraits","id":"THES48906"},{"text":"Drawings","id":"THES48966"},{"text":"Children & Childhood","id":"THES48980"},{"text":"Miniatures","id":"THES269968"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2006AF8928"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"LVLF","id":"THES49656"},"free":"","case":"RMC","shelf":"6","box":"B"}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"miniature (painting)","id":"AAT33936"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"England","id":"x28826"},"association":{"text":"drawn","id":"x30545"},"note":"probably"}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1711","earliest":"1711-01-01","latest":"1711-12-31"},"association":{"text":"drawn","id":"x30545"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"122","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"94","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Dimensions taken from <i>Summary Catalogue of Miniatures in the Victoria and Albert Museum</i>, Emmett Microform, 1981.","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"'Plumbago' Portrait Miniature, Portrait Miniature of an unknown boy, by Charles Forster (fl. 1709-1711), graphite on vellum, ca. 1711.","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"<i>Summary Catalogue of Miniatures in the Victoria and Albert Museum</i>, Emmett Microform, 1981"},{"reference":{"text":"Damiët Schneeweisz, Rosalind McKever, and Adriana Concin. <i>The Portrait Miniature: A New History</i>. London: Thames & Hudson and the V&A, 2026.","id":"AUTH411474"},"details":"","free":""}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["P.15-1923"],"accessionNumberNum":"15","accessionNumberPrefix":"P","accessionYear":1923,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-12-22","recordCreationDate":"2003-07-11","availableToBook":false}}