{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O821"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O821/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006BK4046/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006BK4046/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006BK4046","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017JV6813","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O821/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O821","accessionNumber":"332-1900","objectType":"Mosque lamp","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"Venetian enamelled and gilt glass was a luxury product exported all over Italy and beyond. The glassmakers of Venice had an excellent and wide spread reputation for high-quality colourless glass and fine workmanship in gilding and enamelling. \r\n\r\nSyrian and Egyptian enamelled glass was imported into Italy as a luxury product from at least the thirteenth century onwards, but by the mid fifteenth century the quality of Venetian glass was superior and the situation had reversed. Mosque lamps were produced in large quantities by the glassmakers of Egypt and Syria during the fourteenth century, but by the fifteenth century, local production of high quality glass has all but died out. Even mosque lamps had to be imported. In 1569, Grand Vizier Sokullu Mehmed Pacha in Istanbul, placed an order for nine hundred Venetian glass lamps. The accompanying drawings are still kept in the Venetian State Archive.   \r\nOur mosque lamp has traces of 'cold' (unfired)  gilding and it is very well possible, that it was exported from Murano to Egypt as a blank, to be decorated by local craftsmen.","physicalDescription":"Clear colourless glass lamp with four applied and tooled handles.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"","id":""},{"text":"Glass","id":"AAT10797"}],"techniques":[{"text":"glass blowing","id":"AAT53932"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Clear colourless glass, blown, with traces of original adhesive for gilding","categories":[{"text":"Glass","id":"THES48946"},{"text":"Lighting","id":"THES48925"},{"text":"Islam","id":"THES48932"}],"styles":[{"text":"ISLAM","id":"x29300"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"CER","id":"THES48594"},"images":["2006BK4046","2017JV6813"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"63","id":"THES49737"},"free":"","case":"CA9","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Lamp","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Venice","id":"x29237"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"probably"},{"place":{"text":"Venice","id":"x29237"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"possibly"}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1550-1600","earliest":"1550-01-01","latest":"1600-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"23.7","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Diameter","value":"18.1","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"greatest width","note":""},{"dimension":"Weight","value":"0.68","unit":"kg","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Measured for the Medieval and Renaissance Galleries","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"This lamp was purchased in 1900 from a collection formed largely in Cairo, Egypt.","historicalContext":"Venetian enamelled and gilt glass was a luxury product exported all over Italy and beyond. The glassmakers of Venice had an excellent and wide spread reputation for high-quality colourless glass and fine workmanship in gilding and enamelling. \r\n\r\nSyrian and Egyptian enamelled glass was imported into Italy as a luxury product from at least the thirteenth century onwards, but by the mid fifteenth century the quality of Venetian glass was superior and the situation had reversed. Mosque lamps were produced in large quantities by the glassmakers of Egypt and Syria during the fourteenth century, but by the fifteenth century, local production of high quality glass has all but died out. Even mosque lamps had to be imported. In 1569, Grand Vizier Sokullu Mehmed Pacha in Istanbul, placed an order for nine hundred Venetian glass lamps. The accompanying drawings are still kept in the Venetian State Archive.   \r\nOur mosque lamp has traces of 'cold' (unfired)  gilding and it is very well possible, that it was exported from Murano to Egypt as a blank, to be decorated by local craftsmen.","briefDescription":"Mosque lamp of colourless glass with traces of cold (un-fired) decoaration, possibly Italy (Venice), 1550-1600","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"R. Ruckert, Venezianische Moscheeampeln in Istanbul, Sonderdruck aus der Festschrift fur Harald Keller, Darmstadt 1963, pp. 223-234"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Venise et l'Orient: 828-1797; exh catalogue Paris, (l'Institut du monde arabe), New York (Metropolitan Museum), Paris 2006, pp. 257-274, and cat. 162"}],"production":"date: 'possibly'","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"Made for export to the Near East. Purchased in 1900 from a collection formed largely in Cairo, Egypt.","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null}}],"partNumbers":["332-1900"],"accessionNumberNum":"332","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":1900,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2019LT2848","2019LT2732","2019LU7093"],"recordModificationDate":"2025-12-01","recordCreationDate":"1997-12-13","availableToBook":false}}