{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O81527"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O81527/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006BB6153/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006BB6153/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006BB6153","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O81527/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O81527","accessionNumber":"PH.504-1885","objectType":"Photograph","titles":[{"title":"Palanquin","type":"generic title"},{"title":"Palkee","type":"generic title"}],"summaryDescription":"","physicalDescription":"Photograph of four men carrying a palkee or palanquin, a type of sedan chair.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[],"techniques":[],"materialsAndTechniques":"Photograph","categories":[{"text":"Photographs","id":"THES48910"},{"text":"Transport","id":"THES48881"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2006BB6153"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"512M (VA)","id":"THES49774"},"free":"","case":"MX8","shelf":"X","box":"290A"}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"photograph","id":"AAT46300"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"Yes-general","note":"NB The term \"coolie\" was used historically by English speakers to describe low-status manual  labourers from Asia, particularly China and India. It became a racial stereotype applied to all  people of Asian descent. The term is repeated here in its original historical context."}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"India","id":"x29790"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"mid 19th century","earliest":"1825-01-01","latest":"1875-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"6.2","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"10","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"The Palkee is used as a means of conveyance for one person in the manner represented in the photograph.Where the roads do not admit of wheeled carriages, long journeys are made by the Palkee by means of relays of coolies. Wages about Annas 4 (6d) per man","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"caption on the back of the carte de visite","type":"","note":""}],"objectHistory":"NB The term \"coolie\" was used historically by English speakers to describe low-status manual labourers from Asia, particularly China and India. It became a racial stereotype applied to all people of Asian descent. The term is repeated here in its original historical context.\r\n\r\nThe descriptive caption written on the back of the Carte De Visite is part of a series highlighting  'Illustrations of Anglo-Indian Life', published ca. 1860 by J.L. Lyell in Musoorie and Allahabad, India.","historicalContext":"Between 1860-1900 numerous photographs were taken, predominantly by the middle to upper classes of  Victorian society, to record family portraits and scenes of every day life. The photographs were mounted on small cards measuring approximately 2.5 x 4 inches, to compliment the size of visiting cards, and became known as Cartes de Visite. Today these Cartes de Visite provide a good record of the clothing worn during the colonial period in India and the varied occupations of native people. \r\n","briefDescription":"Carte de Visite, Illustrations of Anglo Indian Life, Palanquin, India, 19th century.","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Lyell, J.L \"Illustrations of Anglo-Indian Life\", Musoorie and Allahabad, India. (No date)."}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[{"text":"India","id":"x29790"}],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"palanquin","id":"AAT238473"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["PH.504-1885"],"accessionNumberNum":"504","accessionNumberPrefix":"PH","accessionYear":1885,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-12","recordCreationDate":"2003-06-17","availableToBook":false}}