{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O81456"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O81456/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AM7940/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AM7940/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006AM7940","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AT8768","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AM7939","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O81456/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O81456","accessionNumber":"CIRC.66-1959","objectType":"Sconce","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"<b>Object Type</b><br>A sconce was used to magnify the light of one or more candles by a back reflector, in front of which the candle was supported in a socket at the end of a fixed or swivel branch. Sconces were usually made of silver but were also made in copper and brass.<br><br><b>People</b><br>Margaret and Frances Macdonald were two of the most original artists working in Glasgow in the 1890s. They attended evening classes at the Glasgow School of Art together with Charles Rennie Mackintosh and Herbert Macnair (who worked with Mackintosh from 1889 at the architectural practice, Honeyman & Jeppie).  They became known as The Four.<br><br><b>Historical Associations</b><br>The group created a distinctive decorative style that was disseminated internationally through exhibitions, in particular the fifth exhibition of the Arts and Crafts Society in London (1896), the eighth exhibition of the Vienna Secession (1900) and the Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte Decorativa in Turin (1902).  Their work was published in contemporary periodicals, notably <i>The Studio</i>, <i>Dekorative Kunst</i>, <i>Deutsche Kunst und Dekoration</i> and <i>Ver Sacrum</i>. In this way, they provided substantial impetus for the development and recognition of a distinctive Glasgow style in Britain and on the Continent, although they had few direct imitators.","physicalDescription":"Sconces of beaten copper, embossed and chased in a peacock design. Fitted with (later) electric light holders.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Macdonald, Margaret","id":"A8635"},"association":{"text":"designer and maker","id":"x34662"},"note":""},{"name":{"text":"Macdonald, Frances","id":"A10308"},"association":{"text":"designer and maker","id":"x34662"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"copper","id":"AAT11020"}],"techniques":[{"text":"embossing","id":"AAT53826"},{"text":"chasing","id":"AAT54016"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Copper, hand-beaten, embossed and chased","categories":[{"text":"Metalwork","id":"THES48920"},{"text":"Lighting","id":"THES48925"},{"text":"Scotland","id":"THES262877"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"MET","id":"THES48599"},"images":["2006AM7940","2006AT8768","2006AM7939"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"125G (VA)","id":"THES49212"},"free":"","case":"WW","shelf":"","box":"2"}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Sconce","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Glasgow","id":"x28891"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1896","earliest":"1891-01-01","latest":"1900-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[{"object":{"text":"CIRC.66A-1959","id":"O62982"},"association":"Set"}],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Diameter","value":"46.3","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Height","value":"59.7","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Depth","value":"14.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Dimensions checked: Measured; 10/12/1998 by sf","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Designed and made in Glasgow by Margaret Macdonald (born in Tipton, West Midlands, 1864, died in London, 1933) and Frances (Eliza) Macdonald (born in Kidsgrove, Staffordshire, 1873, died in Glasgow, 1921)\r\n'Doves and Dreams' Exhibition RF.2004/972","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"One of a pair of sconces of beaten copper, designed by Margaret and Frances Macdonald, Glasgow, ca.1896.","bibliographicReferences":[],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"British Galleries:\nMargaret and Frances Macdonald were two of the most original artists working in Glasgow in the1890s. These copper sconces are decorated with peacock motifs and were made using hand tools only.","date":{"text":"27/03/2003","earliest":"2003-03-27","latest":"2003-03-27"}}],"partNumbers":["CIRC.66-1959"],"accessionNumberNum":"66","accessionNumberPrefix":"CIRC","accessionYear":1959,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2019LN5116","2019LP7379","2019LP6562","2019LR5144","2019LU7895","2019LV5789"],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-12","recordCreationDate":"2003-06-12","availableToBook":false}}