{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O8095"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O8095/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2008BR9178/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2008BR9178/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2008BR9178","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2008BR9286","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2008BR9180","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2008BR9179","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2019MD0437","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O8095/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O8095","accessionNumber":"2963&A-1901","objectType":"Tureen and cover","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"The fashion for serving vessels naturalistically modelled and painted as animals or plants is a perennial one in Europe. During the mid-eighteenth century it was probably sparked by the Meissen porcelain factory’s experiments with naturalistic designs, and it proved hugely popular with the English pottery and porcelain factories, and with some of the French potteries making tin-glazed earthenware. Such naturalistic vessels were a form of visual pun and were intended to delight and surprise, especially those small vessels formed as animals or vegetables associated with the first, predominantly savoury courses of a large, formal dinner. For, as Benjamin Franklin (one of the founding fathers of the United States), explained to his wife in 1758, these were in fact used for the cream and stewed fruit served during the final, sweet dessert course of the meal. However, Chelsea’s very large tureens shaped as swans, hens and boar’s heads (the last of which had an under-dish decorated with hunting accessories), were intended for savoury soups. By lifting the cover of this tureen to serve her guests, the hostess would reveal the band of delicately painted flowers around the rim of the tureen. Swan tureens were included in factory sales of Chelsea porcelain in 1755 and 1756, when they were clearly among the most important pieces. They were described a ‘large as life’ and ‘curious’ – the latter also meaning ‘skilfully made’ or ‘ingenious’ during the eighteenth century – and they were sold with or without under-dishes painted with pondweed. Swans had been eaten at great feasts in medieval times and were still served roasted in England at the time that this was made.","physicalDescription":"Tureen and cover in the form of a Mute Swan, of soft-paste porcelain. The bill, eyes and legs are painted in black and brown. The swan is pluming itself, the neck forming a handle to the cover of the dish. The body underneath the cover is painted with bouquets and sprays of flowers in natural colours.","artistMakerPerson":[],"artistMakerOrganisations":[{"name":{"text":"Chelsea Porcelain factory","id":"A9067"},"association":{"text":"manufacturer","id":"AAT25230"},"note":""}],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"soft paste porcelain","id":"AAT10665"}],"techniques":[{"text":"painted","id":"AAT54216"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Soft-paste porcelain, painted in enamels","categories":[{"text":"Ceramics","id":"THES48982"},{"text":"Porcelain","id":"THES48907"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"CER","id":"THES48594"},"images":["2008BR9178","2008BR9286","2008BR9180","2008BR9179","2019MD0437"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"145","id":"THES49865"},"free":"","case":"11","shelf":"3","box":""},{"current":{"text":"145","id":"THES49865"},"free":"","case":"11","shelf":"3","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Dish","id":""}],[{"text":"Cover","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"London","id":"x28980"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1755 - ca. 1756","earliest":"1750-01-01","latest":"1760-12-31"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Transferred from the Museum of Practical Geology, Jermyn Street","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"28.6","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Length","value":"42.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Dimensions from Registered Description (should be checked).","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Tureen and cover in the form of a Mute Swan, soft-paste porcelain, painted in enamels, made by the Chelsea Factory, England (London), mid 18th century","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"Honey, W. B., Old English Porcelain: a handbook for collectors. London: Faber & Faber, 1948.","id":"AUTH404427"},"details":"p.58","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"Honey, W. B., English Pottery and Porcelain. London: Adam & Charles Black, 1947.","id":"AUTH403675"},"details":"p.121","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"Passion for Porcelain: masterpieces of ceramics from the British Museum and the Victoria and Albert Museum.","id":"AUTH321139"},"details":"pp.262-263","free":""}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"swan (animal)","id":"x30241"},{"text":"flowers (plants)","id":"AAT132399"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["2963-1901","2963A-1901"],"accessionNumberNum":"2963","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":1901,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE","Dish","Cover"],"assets":["2019LP6162","2019LP2745","2019LU6587","2019LV3036","2019LX0396","2019LW3995","2019LW0630","2019LW0251"],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-25","recordCreationDate":"1998-06-23","availableToBook":false}}