{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O79611"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O79611/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AM8346/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AM8346/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006AM8346","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017KC5934","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O79611/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O79611","accessionNumber":"414:1429-1885","objectType":"Plaque","titles":[{"title":"Christ on the Cross","type":"generic title"}],"summaryDescription":"<b>Object Type</b><br>Crucifixion scenes are fairly unusual in the repertory of images used on mid-18th century English enamel plaques.  As Britain was staunchly anti-Catholic at the time, the likelihood is that a plaque such as this was intended for export to Ireland or the Roman Catholic countries of Continental Europe.  The British Museum has a plaque virtually identical to this as well as four Ravenet saints, some or all of which may be designed as adjuncts to the Christ on the Cross.<br><br><b>Place</b><br>The plaque was made at York House, Battersea, the enamelling workshop founded in 1753 by Stephen Theodore Janssen (1705-1777), a prominent London merchant and politician.  This factory, though very short-lived, produced some of the finest as well as earliest of all English transfer-printed enamels.<br><br><b>Materials & Making</b><br>The engraved lines of the copper plate from which this image was taken were filled with red ink.  The plate was pressed onto special paper which was rubbed onto the milky-white background so typical of Battersea products. In firing, the image fused permanently with the enamel ground and the paper burned away.  Delicate translucent colours - brown, yellow and crimson - were painted over the print but in no way obscure it.<br><br><b>People</b><br>The accomplished engraver Simon-Fran‡ois Ravenet the elder (1706-1774) trained in Paris under Jacques-Philippe Le Bas before moving to London in 1743-44 to engrave plates 4 and 5 of Hogarth's set of prints<i>Marriage … la Mode</i>.  He spent much of his subsequent career producing views, portraits and book illustrations for publishers like Robert Sayer and John Boydell.  He exhibited at the Society of Arts and the Royal Academy.  During the period 1753-55 he probably concentrated almost entirely on his engravings for transfer-prints for York House, Battersea (he was certainly living in Battersea in 1755).  Ravenet's work for Janssen consisted chiefly of graceful classical, mythological and allegorical scenes, though he also did portraits and heraldic devices.","physicalDescription":"","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Ravenet, Simon Francis (the elder)","id":"A8774"},"association":{"text":"engraver (inciser)","id":"AAT239410"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[{"name":{"text":"Battersea Enamel Factory","id":"A9041"},"association":{"text":"maker","id":"AAT251917"},"note":""}],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[],"techniques":[],"materialsAndTechniques":"Enamel on copper, printed in red, painted in translucent enamel colours, with a chased gilt frame","categories":[{"text":"British Galleries","id":"THES48985"},{"text":"Enamels","id":"THES48876"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"CER","id":"THES48594"},"images":["2006AM8346","2017KC5934"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"118A (VA)","id":"THES49236"},"free":"","case":"CA8","shelf":"","box":"4"}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Plaque","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Battersea","id":"x29513"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1753-1755","earliest":"1753-01-01","latest":"1755-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Given by Lady Charlotte Schreiber","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"8.57","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"6.98","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Dimensions checked: Registered Description; 01/01/1998 by KN","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Plaque, Christ on the Cross","bibliographicReferences":[],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"British Galleries:\r\nThe devotional subject matter of this plaque suggests that it was specially produced for a Roman Catholic rather than a Protestant market. It might therefore have been made for export to France, Spain, Portugal or Italy.","date":{"text":"27/03/2003","earliest":"2003-03-27","latest":"2003-03-27"}}],"partNumbers":["414:1429-1885"],"accessionNumberNum":"414","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":1885,"otherNumbers":[{"type":{"text":"Schreiber number","id":"THES50279"},"number":"Sch. III 58"}],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2019LP9145","2019LP6516","2019LP6208","2019LP2350","2019LU3085","2019LV6855"],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-12","recordCreationDate":"2003-04-08","availableToBook":false}}