{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O78559"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O78559/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AM0570/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AM0570/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006AM0570","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AT9254","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AM2990","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AM0571","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2019LX7433","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2019LX7426","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O78559/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O78559","accessionNumber":"M.352-1912","objectType":"Standing bowl","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"<b>Object Type</b><br>This is an example of a common type of Elizabethan drinking vessel. Standing bowls often came in sets of six or more, and were generally used for wine. The shallowness of the bowl would have made drinking quite difficult.<br><br><b>Design</b><br>Elizabethan standing bowls are usually gilt with covers, bands of engraved scrolling leaves and a circular motif in the centre of the bowl. From 1550, this central boss was often a helmeted head, or the head of the Roman god Mars. In this case, the head is that of a bearded warrior in a curiously shaped helmet. <br><br><b>Ownership & Use</b><br>Drinking bowls of this type were found all over Europe. In England they often survive in the collections of churches, converted into patens (or dishes) for the communion bread.<br><br>Paintings by the Flemish artists Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640) and Jan Breughel II (1601-1678) show these drinking bowls clasped by drinkers or arranged on sideboards. Their shape was copied in glass and Limoges enamels as well as in pewter, which was cheaper. The silver-gilt versions were, of course, used by fairly wealthy people. Their popularity can be seen by the frequent contemporary references, as well as by the fact that they appear in advertisements as prizes for 16th-century lotteries.","physicalDescription":"","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[],"techniques":[],"materialsAndTechniques":"Chased silver","categories":[{"text":"Metalwork","id":"THES48920"},{"text":"Drinking","id":"THES48965"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"MET","id":"THES48599"},"images":["2006AM0570","2006AT9254","2006AM2990","2006AM0571","2019LX7433","2019LX7426"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"58D (VA)","id":"THES49234"},"free":"","case":"CA1","shelf":"","box":"14"}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Dish","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"London","id":"x28980"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1564-1565","earliest":"1564-01-01","latest":"1565-12-31"},"association":{"text":"hallmarked","id":"x32454"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"14.8","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"maximum","note":""},{"dimension":"Depth","value":"19.3","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Diameter","value":"11.8","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"foot","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Dimensions checked: Measured; 23/06/2000 by KB","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"LA monogram between pellets in a shield - marks struck on the outside of the rim.","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":""},{"content":"Arms and monogram","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":""},{"content":"Town mark: London","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":""}],"objectHistory":"Made in London by an unidentified maker with the mark 'IA'","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Standing bowl","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Fliegel, Stephen M. 'An Elizabethan Silver Cup with Cover'.<u> Cleveland Studies in the History of Art</u>. Vol. 8, 2003, pp. 34-43."}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"British Galleries:\nSILVER FOR DISPLAY<br> Precious metal vessels decorated in the Renaissance style were used in both domestic and church settings.  At this period presents were given at New Year, rather than Christmas.  Drinking cups, intended for display on a magnificent buffet of tiered shelves, were a popular gift.  The inclusion of the owner's initials or coat of arms indicated his high social standing.  An elaborate salt cellar marked the position of the most important person at the dining table.","date":{"text":"27/03/2003","earliest":"2003-03-27","latest":"2003-03-27"}}],"partNumbers":["M.352-1912"],"accessionNumberNum":"352","accessionNumberPrefix":"M","accessionYear":1912,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2019LN0692","2019LP5863","2019LP4300","2019LV4946"],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-12","recordCreationDate":"2003-03-27","availableToBook":false}}