{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O78256"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O78256/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AM8614/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AM8614/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006AM8614","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2008BT9023","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2019MA7995","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O78256/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O78256","accessionNumber":"E.85-1939","objectType":"Wallpaper border","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"<b>Object Type</b><br>In the 18th century wallpapers were often fixed to the wall with nails or tacks, rather than pasted up. Printed borders were used to conceal the heads of the tacks and to give a neat and finished appearance to the papered wall. The fashion for using borders continued even when methods of hanging wallpapers changed and borders were no longer strictly necessary.  By the early 19th century borders were available in elaborate designs to use as a frieze decoration around the upper part of the room.<br><br><b>Design & Designing</b><br>At this time many different designs for wallpaper borders were available. Many patterns were based on architectural motifs and styles. \n<br><b>People</b><br>This wallpaper comes from the stock of Messrs Cowtan & Sons Ltd, an important interior decorating company based in Oxford Street, London, from the 1830s to the 1930s. They succeeded two other well-known wallpaper suppliers, J. Duppa and J.G. Crace. Cowtan supplied wallpapers to customers all over the country.","physicalDescription":"","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"printing ink","id":"AAT187371"}],"techniques":[{"text":"colour woodblock print","id":"x37101"},{"text":"printing","id":"AAT53319"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"","categories":[{"text":"Wall coverings","id":"THES48878"},{"text":"Prints","id":"THES48903"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2006AM8614","2008BT9023","2019MA7995"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"LVLC (VA)","id":"THES49171"},"free":"","case":"DW","shelf":"43","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"wallpaper","id":""}],[{"text":"wallpaper border","id":""}],[{"text":"print","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"England","id":"x28826"},"association":{"text":"printed","id":"AAT53319"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1840","earliest":"1835-01-01","latest":"1844-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Given by Mr A. L. Cowtan in memory of his father, Arthur Barnard Cowtan, OBE","dimensions":[],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Given by Mr A. L. Cowtan in memory of his father, Arthur Barnard Cowtan, OBE.\r\nProvenance: The stock of Cowtan & Sons Ltd, successors of J. Duppa, J. G. Crace etc.","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Wallpaper border with a running design of blue and white twisted cord;  From the stock of Cowtan & Sons; England; ca.1840.","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Oman, Charles C., and Hamilton, Jean. <u>Wallpapers: a history and illustrated catalogue of the collection of the Victoria and Albert Museum</u>. London: Sotheby Publications, in association with the Victoria and Albert Museum, 1982."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"<u>Victoria and Albert Museum, Department of Engraving, Illustration and Design & Department of Paintings, Accessions 1939</u>, published under the Authority of the Ministry of Education, London, 1950\r\nGiven by Mr. Noel D. Sheffield, F.R.I.B.A.'"}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"British Galleries:\nWallpapers with Classical motifs were a fashionable feature in Regency interiors and deep borders became particularly popular. Wallpapers at this time were printed with wooden blocks. As each colour was added, the effect of three-dimensional modelling was enhanced, giving them the appearance of friezes made of moulded plasterwork.","date":{"text":"27/03/2003","earliest":"2003-03-27","latest":"2003-03-27"}}],"partNumbers":["E.85-1939"],"accessionNumberNum":"85","accessionNumberPrefix":"E","accessionYear":1939,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2019LR2202","2019LP5428","2019LU6965"],"recordModificationDate":"2026-05-12","recordCreationDate":"2003-03-27","availableToBook":false}}