{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O78239"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O78239/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AM8198/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AM8198/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006AM8198","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O78239/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O78239","accessionNumber":"E.66-1939","objectType":"Wallpaper border","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"<b>Object Type</b><br>In the 18th century wallpapers were often fixed to the wall with nails or tacks, rather than pasted up. Printed borders were used to conceal the heads of the tacks and to give a neat and finished appearance to the papered wall. The fashion for using borders continued even when methods of hanging wallpapers changed and borders were no longer strictly necessary.  By the early 19th century borders were available in elaborate designs to use as a frieze decoration around the upper part of the room.<br><br><b>Design & Designing</b><br>This wallpaper border is designed to look like a plaster frieze or cornice, especially when viewed from a distance. The motifs of the swan, acanthus leaves and flower heads are all derived from classical architecture.<br><br><b>People</b><br>This wallpaper comes from the stock of Messrs Cowtan & Sons Ltd, an important interior decorating company based in Oxford Street, London, from the 1820s to the 1930s. They succeeded two other well-known wallpaper suppliers, J. Duppa and J.G. Crace.  Cowtan supplied wallpapers to customers all over the country.","physicalDescription":"Wallpaper border with a trompe-l'oeil design imitating moulding decorations of swans, stylised foliage and festoon of flowers, in white on blue ground; Colour woodblock print, on paper.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"maker","id":"AAT251917"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[{"name":{"text":"Cowtan & Son","id":"A9330"},"association":{"text":"supplier","id":"AAT25252"},"note":""}],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"printing ink","id":"AAT187371"}],"techniques":[{"text":"colour woodblock print","id":"x37101"},{"text":"printing","id":"AAT53319"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Colour woodblock print, on paper","categories":[{"text":"Wall coverings","id":"THES48878"},{"text":"Prints","id":"THES48903"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2006AM8198"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"LVLC (VA)","id":"THES49171"},"free":"","case":"MB2B","shelf":"DW16","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"wallpaper","id":""}],[{"text":"print","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"England","id":"x28826"},"association":{"text":"printed","id":"AAT53319"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1830","earliest":"1825-01-01","latest":"1834-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Given by Mr A. L. Cowtan in memory of his father, Arthur Barnard Cowtan, OBE","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"23","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"paper","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"52","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"paper","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Dimensions checked: Measured; 06/05/1999 by KN","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Given by Mr A. L. Cowtan in memory of his father, Arthur Barnard Cowtan, OBE.","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Wallpaper border with a trompe-l'oeil design imitating moulding decorations of swans, stylised foliage and festoon of flowers, in white on blue ground; Colour woodblock print, on paper; From the stock of Cowtan & Sons; England; ca.1830.","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Oman, Charles C., and Hamilton, Jean. <u>Wallpapers: a history and illustrated catalogue of the collection of the Victoria and Albert Museum</u>. London: Sotheby Publications, in association with the Victoria and Albert Museum, 1982."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Saunders, Gill. <u>Wallpaper in Interior Decoration</u>. V&A Publications. London. 2002. pp. 38. pl 30."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"<u>Victoria and Albert Museum, Department of Engraving, Illustration and Design & Department of Paintings, Accessions 1939</u>, published under the Authority of the Ministry of Education, London, 1950\r\nGiven by Mr. Noel D. Sheffield, F.R.I.B.A.'"}],"production":"Provenance: The stock of Cowtan & Sons Ltd, successors of J. Duppa, J. G. Crace etc.","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"swans","id":"x30241"},{"text":"festoon","id":"AAT167386"},{"text":"leaves (plant materials)","id":"AAT11892"},{"text":"trompe-l'oeil","id":"AAT56506"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"British Galleries:\nWallpapers with Classical motifs were a fashionable feature in Regency interiors and deep borders became particularly popular. Wallpapers at this time were printed with wooden blocks. As each colour was added, the effect of three-dimensional modelling was enhanced, giving them the appearance of friezes made of moulded plasterwork.","date":{"text":"27/03/2003","earliest":"2003-03-27","latest":"2003-03-27"}}],"partNumbers":["E.66-1939"],"accessionNumberNum":"66","accessionNumberPrefix":"E","accessionYear":1939,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2019LP5179","2019LP4865","2019LV6650"],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-25","recordCreationDate":"2003-03-27","availableToBook":false}}