{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O77752"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O77752/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AM0285/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AM0285/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006AM0285","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AM7895","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017JW4304","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017JW4312","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017KC8351","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2018LA0223","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O77752/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O77752","accessionNumber":"8409&A-1863","objectType":"Pilgrim bottle","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"<b>Object Type</b><br>Pilgrims used to carry drinking water in flattened globular containers made from leather or dried gourds, hung from a belt. In the 16th century this shape was adapted for highly decorative decanting bottles for wine, made from silver or ceramics. In Renaissance Italy pilgrim bottles became a standard feature of extended ceramic dinner services used by the nobility for display and use on special occasions.<br><br><b>Materials & Making</b><br>Tin-glazed earthenware, which could be painted in many different bright colours, was known in Italy as 'maiolica'. Urbino was a famous centre for its manufacture.<br><br><b>Design & Designing</b><br>During the 1560s and 1570s the Fontana workshop in Urbino specialised in maiolica with 'grotesque' decoration on a white ground. This type of decoration, composed of small loosely connected motifs including human figures, animals and fantasy figures, was first introduced by the painter Raphael in his decoration of the Vatican Palace in Rome (1518-19). It was derived from ancient Roman decorations from the Golden House of the emperor Nero (ruled 54-68 AD) on the Esquiline hill in Rome, which came to light during this period. These motifs were made popular though printed editions such as Jacques Androuet I Ducerceau's  'Petites Grotesques', which were published in 1550, and again in 1562. Many objects attributed to the Fontana workshops have grotesques which are directly derived from this printed source and it is extremely likely that the Fonatana family owned a copy of this work.\r\nGrotesque motifs are also translated in the moulded masks with snake-like tails on the sides of the bottle.","physicalDescription":"Pilgrim bottle and cover; with two handles in the form of a moulded satyr's mask, connected to moulded scrolls on either side of the body. On each is a medallion amongst grotesques on a white ground, consisting of birds, semi-human monsters and dolphins. The medallions are painted in black on an orange ground to imitate cameos, in one case with Bacchus standing with a wine-cup and an urn in his hands, in the other with a satyr holding a wine branch.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Fontana Workshop","id":"A2153"},"association":{"text":"maker","id":"AAT251917"},"note":"probably"}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"earthenware","id":"x29356"},{"text":"tin glaze","id":"AAT233436"}],"techniques":[],"materialsAndTechniques":"Maiolica (tin-glazed earthenware)","categories":[{"text":"Ceramics","id":"THES48982"},{"text":"Maiolica","id":"THES49023"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"CER","id":"THES48594"},"images":["2006AM0285","2006AM7895","2017JW4304","2017JW4312","2017KC8351","2018LA0223"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"122G","id":"THES49219"},"free":"","case":"CA2","shelf":"","box":"4"},{"current":{"text":"122G","id":"THES49219"},"free":"","case":"CA2","shelf":"","box":"4"}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Flask","id":""}],[{"text":"Stopper","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Urbino","id":"x33375"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1560-1580","earliest":"1555-01-01","latest":"1580-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"45","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"29","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Depth","value":"20","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Dimensions checked: Measured; 02/01/2001 by terry","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Purchase: Soulages Collection for £ 125\r\nMade in Italy, Urbino, probably at the Fontana workshop. Purchased from the Soulages Collection, which had been displayed at Marlborough House.","historicalContext":"Pilgrims used to carry drinking water in flattened globular containers made from leather or dried gourds, hung from a belt. In the 16th century this shape was adapted for highly decorative decanting bottles for wine, made in silver or ceramics. In Renaissance Italy pilgrim bottles became a standard feature of extended ceramic dinner services used by the nobility for display and use on special occasions.","briefDescription":"Pilgrim bottle and stopper, tin-glazed earthenware with grotesque decoration","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Poke, C., 'Jacques Androuet I Ducerceau's 'Petites Grotesques' as a source for Urbino maiolica decoration', <u>The Burlington Magazine</u>, June 2001, pp. 333-343"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Hunt, Tristram & Whitfield, Victoria. <u>Art Treasures in Manchester: 150 years on</u>. Manchester: Philip Wilson Publishers, 2007. 35p., ill ISBN 9780901673725"}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"birds","id":"x35043"},{"text":"monsters","id":"x36213"},{"text":"cameos","id":"AAT47261"},{"text":"grotesques","id":"AAT10211"},{"text":"medallions","id":"AAT77354"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"British Galleries:\nOBJECTS FROM THE MUSEUM'S EARLY COLLECTIONS<br>\nFrom about 1840 a collection of objects was formed for the Government School of Design. It was later expanded with objects purchased from the Great Exhibition. All had been selected for their appropriate use of materials, excellent workmanship or well-designed decoration. A new museum was established and rooms were provided for it at Marlborough House, London, where it was to be available to students, manufacturers and the general public to study.","date":{"text":"27/03/2003","earliest":"2003-03-27","latest":"2003-03-27"}}],"partNumbers":["8409-1863","8409A-1863"],"accessionNumberNum":"8409","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":1863,"otherNumbers":[{"type":{"text":"Rackham (1977)","id":"THES56972"},"number":"841"}],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE","Flask","Stopper"],"assets":["2019LM9294","2019LN3924","2019LP9390","2019LP7767","2019LP7640","2019LP7188","2019LT5076","2019LT5007","2019LU9783","2019LU3587","2019LU1253","2019LT9501","2019LT8867","2019LV5139","2019LW9821","2019LW3722"],"recordModificationDate":"2025-12-18","recordCreationDate":"2003-03-27","availableToBook":false}}