{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O7764"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O7764/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AM6196/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AM6196/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006AM6196","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AM6200","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AM6197","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017JT6905","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017JU9768","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O7764/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O7764","accessionNumber":"M.217-1938","objectType":"Peg tankard","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"<b>Object Type</b><br>This tankard, known as a peg tankard, would have been used for beer, ale or cider.<br><br><b>History & Use</b><br>Peg tankards are so called as they contain a series of cylindrical pegs which are soldered in a vertical row to the internal sides of the tankard. The pegs denote a measure of liquid; after one drinker had drunk their allocated peg measure, the tankard was passed to another. The term 'peg' probably derives from the Danish measure 'paegl', roughly equivalent to a pint. This example contains six pegs. Peg tankards have a long history in the Scandinavian and Baltic countries. British examples are known from Edinburgh, Newcastle upon Tyne, York and Hull, reflecting the established trading links across the North Sea.<br><br><b>Design & Decoration</b><br>British peg tankards usually follow the Scandinavian form, incorporating pomegranate feet and a thumbpiece. The floral engraving  also has parallel examples in Scandinavian silver of the 1650s and later, and is probably based on a volume of botanical illustrations.<br><br><b>Maker</b><br>This form of peg tankard was a speciality of York goldsmiths. John Plummer, the maker of this example, produced a large number of peg tankards.","physicalDescription":"A three-footed tankard with a series of six pegs inside; engraved on body and cover. On the body above each domed foot is a cast and chased three-part leaf. The base is slightly convex.\r\nThree of the domed silver pegs are visibly flush with the external surafce. The handle is D-shaped with a central chased rib; at its lower end a separate C-section meets the body and is finished with a shield-shaped plate. Under this is a casting or soldering hole. the thumb-piece is a pair of seeded pomegranates cast and chased rising from entwined cast stems. The raised, slightly domed lid is set onto a right-angled strip fitting inside the rim.\r\nThe body is engraved with three different flowering plants with roots and pairs of secondary blossoms and buds. The lid is engraved with a stylized cluster of fruit. From this two stems, each with three different flower heads, encircle the central field which is engraved with mantling around a crested helm and coat of arms of Sayer, Kent. (P.Glanville, <font -u>Silver in Tudor and Early Stuart England</font>, No. 56.)","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Plummer, John","id":"A8744"},"association":{"text":"maker","id":"AAT251917"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"silver","id":"AAT11029"}],"techniques":[{"text":"engraving (incising)","id":"AAT53829"},{"text":"chasing","id":"AAT54016"},{"text":"casting","id":"AAT53104"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Silver, with chased and engraved decoration","categories":[{"text":"Drinking","id":"THES48965"},{"text":"Metalwork","id":"THES48920"},{"text":"British Galleries","id":"THES48985"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"MET","id":"THES48599"},"images":["2006AM6196","2006AM6200","2006AM6197","2017JT6905","2017JU9768"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"56D (VA)","id":"THES49242"},"free":"","case":"CA3","shelf":"","box":"11"}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Tankard","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"York","id":"x30072"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1655-1657","earliest":"1655-01-01","latest":"1657-12-31"},"association":{"text":"hallmarked","id":"x32454"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Presented by Art Fund","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"18.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"19.8","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"estimated, including handle","note":""},{"dimension":"Diameter","value":"12.4","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"base","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Weight: 31 oz\r\nDimensions checked: Measured; 16/04/1999 by A.Patterson","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"'IP' in a quatrefoil between circles","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"struck on the cover and on the underside of the base","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"Maker's mark (Hallmark)","note":"Maker's mark (Hallmark); struck on the cover and on the underside of the base"},{"content":"fleur-de-lys and leopards head crowned conjoined","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"mark for York","transliteration":"","type":"Town mark (Hallmark)","note":"Town mark (Hallmark)"}],"objectHistory":"With the mark of John Plummer, York (active 1648-1688)\n\nHistorical significance: The engraving has parallels with Scandinavian silver of the 1650s and later, compare for example a tankard in Aarbord Museum, Denmark. The source is a book of horticultural illustrations, as yet unidentified; a possible source is <font -i>Hortus Eystetteusis</font> by Basilius Bester (Nuremberg, 1613). Plummer's work was different in many ways from that of his London contemporaries but comparable in quality.","historicalContext":"Peg tankards of this type have a long history in the Baltic countries and their presence is a reminder of the close cultural links across the North Sea.","briefDescription":"Tankard, silver, English, mid-16th century","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"<i>Englesko Srebro [English silver from the Victoria and Albert Museum]</i>, Belgrade : Muzej Primenjene Umetnosti, 1980","id":"AUTH351417"},"details":"","free":""}],"production":"Hallmarked for 1655 or 1657. The York date letter sequence is not absolutely established and may not be as published by Jackson. It may have been marked two years earlier than previously thought (1657).","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"flowers (plants)","id":"AAT132399"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"... Such tankards of beer were passed round and the contents shared; inside a row of pegs marked each drinker's portion. The term 'peg' for a tankard probably comes from the Danish measure <font -i>paegl</font> (about a pint)\r\nJohn Plummer was the leading York goldsmith supplying the Yorkshire gentry with distinctive silver throughout the Commonwealth period. His pieces are quite different from the goldsmith's work produced in London.\r\nGallery 55 case 3","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null}},{"text":"British Galleries:\r\nPeg tankards originated in the countries around the Baltic Sea. 'Peg' probably comes from the Danish measure 'paegl'. The goldsmith, John Plummer of York, supplied the Yorkshire gentry during the Commonwealth period. The style of his work differed from that of London goldsmiths, but was of an equally high quality.","date":{"text":"27/03/2003","earliest":"2003-03-27","latest":"2003-03-27"}}],"partNumbers":["M.217-1938"],"accessionNumberNum":"217","accessionNumberPrefix":"M","accessionYear":1938,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2019LN0807","2019LP9215","2019LR5828","2019LU1431"],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-12","recordCreationDate":"1998-06-01","availableToBook":false}}