{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O77547"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O77547/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AT4842/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AT4842/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006AT4842","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017JU0588","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O77547/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O77547","accessionNumber":"3229&A-1853","objectType":"Bowl","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"<b>Object Type</b><br>This low bowl may have been for mixing and serving punch. If so, it would have been used at a small gathering, as it is not very large. However, punch bowls did not normally have stands. As its capacity is small, it is also possible that the bowl was for serving stewed fruit or other sweet foods during the dessert course.<br><br><b>Use</b><br>Punch was first made in England during the 17th century. Its name derives from the Persian or Hindu word for five and refers to its five ingredients: spirits (originally arrack, from Goa in southern India or from Batavia, now Jakarta in Java), sugar, lemon or lime, nutmeg and other spices, and water.  During the 18th century punch became the favourite drink for parties and assemblies. New recipes, including sweet Malaga wine, rum and brandy, were invented and other variants, such as those combining gin or brandy with hot water and sugar, were also drunk. <br><br><b>Materials & Making</b><br>The bowl is made of creamware, a type of glazed earthenware made by combining white-firing clays and calcined flint. Creamware is hygienic, hard wearing and heat resistant, making it highly suitable for tablewares.","physicalDescription":"Bowl and stand, Queensware,  with black and red honeysuckle  border decoration","artistMakerPerson":[],"artistMakerOrganisations":[{"name":{"text":"Josiah Wedgwood and Sons","id":"A1450"},"association":{"text":"maker","id":"AAT251917"},"note":""}],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[],"techniques":[],"materialsAndTechniques":"Creamware (Queen's Ware), painted in enamels","categories":[{"text":"Ceramics","id":"THES48982"},{"text":"Earthenware","id":"THES48964"},{"text":"Tiles","id":"THES48884"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"CER","id":"THES48594"},"images":["2006AT4842","2017JU0588"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"118E (VA)","id":"THES49228"},"free":"","case":"CA3","shelf":"","box":"15"},{"current":{"text":"118E (VA)","id":"THES49228"},"free":"","case":"CA3","shelf":"","box":"15"}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Bowl","id":""}],[{"text":"Stand","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Etruria","id":"x33200"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1795","earliest":"1790-01-01","latest":"1799-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"8.57","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Made at Josiah Wedgwood's factory, Etruria, Staffordshire","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Bowl and stand, Queensware, with black and red honeysuckle border decoration, Wedgwood, Stoke-on-Trent, 18th Century","bibliographicReferences":[],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"British Galleries:\nWedgwood pioneered the use of border patterns with classical and plant motifs set against large areas of undecorated pottery.","date":{"text":"27/03/2003","earliest":"2003-03-27","latest":"2003-03-27"}},{"text":"Bowl and stand\nMade at the factory of Josiah Wedgwood, Etruria, Staffordshire, 1790-1810\nMarks: 'Wedgwood', 'C' and 'V', impressed\nLead-glazed earthenware, painted in enamel colours\n\n3229&A-1853","date":{"text":"23/05/2008","earliest":"2008-05-23","latest":"2008-05-23"}}],"partNumbers":["3229-1853","3229A-1853"],"accessionNumberNum":"3229","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":1853,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE","Bowl","Stand"],"assets":["2019LR0002","2019LP8386","2019LP1016","2019LR6646","2019LR5763","2019LR4798","2019LU2201","2019LV7424"],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-25","recordCreationDate":"2003-03-27","availableToBook":false}}