{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O77465"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O77465/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AM6464/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AM6464/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006AM6464","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O77465/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O77465","accessionNumber":"20-1852","objectType":"Letter rack","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"<b>Object Type</b><br>The great international exhibitions of the second half of the 19th century opened up new markets for the makers of traditional crafts on the Indian subcontinent. Small, easily transportable objects such as letter racks were in demand from Europeans in India itself, and from those outside India  who saw such a wealth of craftsmanship for the first time in the exhibitions.<br><br><b>Materials & Making</b><br>The sandalwood letter rack was made in Mumbai (formerly Bombay) and incorporates an inlay technique that was a speciality of the city. It is set with roundels made by arranging together rods of metal, ivory (natural and stained green), bone and ebony, and then  slicing them thinly. The technique was known as 'sadeli'.<br><br><b>People</b><br>The sadeli technique was described in detail by Sir George Birdwood in his landmark book, The Industrial Arts of India (London, 1880). He traced its origin to Shiraz, in Iran, from where he concluded it had travelled to Sindh in the mid-18th century, and thence to Bombay before 1880.<br><br><b>Historical Associations</b><br>This letter rack was exhibited at the Great Exhibition of 1851 as an example of 'modern' work from Bombay. It was bought by the Museum of Ornamental Design for £3.10s.","physicalDescription":"","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"sandalwood","id":"AAT12724"},{"text":"ivory","id":"AAT11857"}],"techniques":[],"materialsAndTechniques":"Sandalwood, with inlays of metal, wood, ivory and horn (sadeli work)","categories":[{"text":"Woodwork","id":"THES48877"},{"text":"Household objects","id":"THES48939"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"SSEA","id":"THES48598"},"images":["2006AM6464"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"122F (VA)","id":"THES49220"},"free":"","case":"CA5","shelf":"","box":"33"}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Letter rack","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Bombay","id":"x30829"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1850","earliest":"1845-01-01","latest":"1854-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"10.4","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"27.9","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Depth","value":"9.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Dimensions checked: Measured; 28/01/1999 by sf","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Made in Mumbai (formerly Bombay), India","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Letter rack","bibliographicReferences":[],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"geometric patterns","id":"AAT165213"},{"text":"floral patterns","id":"AAT10135"}],"contentConcepts":[{"text":"colonialism","id":"x36560"}],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"British Galleries:\nThis letter rack is decorated with inlays made up of rods of tin, wood, ivory and horn, bound together and sliced up into roundels. The technique is called 'sadeli' work and was a speciality of Mumbai (formerly Bombay) in the second half of the 19th century. The Indian Court displayed a wide range of the many different materials and techniques used in India for the production of decorative goods.","date":{"text":"27/03/2003","earliest":"2003-03-27","latest":"2003-03-27"}}],"partNumbers":["20-1852"],"accessionNumberNum":"20","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":1852,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2019LR2420","2019LU9772"],"recordModificationDate":"2025-08-21","recordCreationDate":"2003-03-27","availableToBook":false}}