{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O77460"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O77460/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AJ9560/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AJ9560/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006AJ9560","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2019LM8760","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017KA5801","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2018KT1003","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2019LX2079","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O77460/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O77460","accessionNumber":"1970-1899","objectType":"Knife","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"<b>Object Type</b><br>Until the 17th century, it was the custom for guests to bring their personal cutlery, but by the 18th century knives and forks were provided in matching sets by the host. The basic form of knives and forks had also become standardised by this date.<br><br><b>Design & Designing</b><br>By the mid-18th century, table knives and forks were usually made in sets and decorated to match the rest of the cutlery.  By the end of the 18th century the standard pistol-shaped haft (handle) gave way to straighter, flat-ended hafts. Forks generally had smaller hafts. The knife blade is usually of sabre, or scimitar, shape. The steel blades and shanks have a 'tang' or rod at the base that fits into the hollow handle, which is then packed with resin. The junction between haft and blade is fitted with a small metal collar, or 'ferrule'.<br><br><b>Materials & Making</b><br>Porcelain hafts were introduced into Europe from China, and the subsequent demand stimulated the production of ceramic hafts at many European factories. The Staffordshire pottery factories produced solid 'agate ware' (pottery intended to look like agate) and 'marbled agate ware' hafts.","physicalDescription":"","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[],"techniques":[],"materialsAndTechniques":"Surface agate ware (earthenware), with steel blade","categories":[{"text":"Tableware & cutlery","id":"THES48888"},{"text":"Metalwork","id":"THES48920"},{"text":"Ceramics","id":"THES48982"},{"text":"Earthenware","id":"THES48964"},{"text":"Eating","id":"THES48963"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"MET","id":"THES48599"},"images":["2006AJ9560","2019LM8760","2017KA5801","2018KT1003","2019LX2079"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"028","id":"THES410426"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"knife (culinary tool)","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Staffordshire","id":"x29181"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"handle, probably"}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1750-1770","earliest":"1750-01-01","latest":"1770-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Length","value":"28","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"The handles probably made in Staffordshire","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Knife with 'agate ware' handle, from a set (1970 to L-1899), Staffordshire, 1750 - 1770","bibliographicReferences":[],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"British Galleries:\nThe new materials of the ceramic industry were quickly adopted for knives and forks. 'Solid' agate ware was produced by 'wedging', or mixing coloured clays, while 'surface' agate ware was made by swirling together coloured slips or glazes.  Both resulted in variegated decoration that resembled marble or agate.","date":{"text":"27/03/2003","earliest":"2003-03-27","latest":"2003-03-27"}}],"partNumbers":["1970-1899"],"accessionNumberNum":"1970","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":1899,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-06-09","recordCreationDate":"2003-03-27","availableToBook":true}}