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Professor Cizek (1865-1946) was initially a genre and portrait painter but became involved with the reform of art education in the early 20th Century. He saw the artistic individuality of a child as characterized by instinctual responses and based his teaching theory around this. In 1897 he founded a school called the Jugendkunstklasse ('Children's art class') for children from the age of three upwards, and in 1904 it was incorporated into the Vienna School of Arts and Crafts (Kunstgewerbeschule), where he taught until 1934.","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Red cross nurses and wounded soldiers, linocut, Grete Hamerschlag, Austria, 1916","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"<u>Victoria and Albert Museum, Department of Engraving, Illustration and Design and Department of Paintings, Accessions 1923</u>, London: Board of Education, 1925."}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["E.3355-1923"],"accessionNumberNum":"3355","accessionNumberPrefix":"E","accessionYear":1923,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-25","recordCreationDate":"2009-06-30","availableToBook":false}}