{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O76002"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O76002/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AL5015/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AL5015/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006AL5015","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O76002/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O76002","accessionNumber":"FE.39:1, 2-1974","objectType":"Bowl","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"Lacquer is a waterproof varnish made from the sap of the tree <i>Rhus vernicifera</i>. The Chinese began to use it to provide a protective coating to wooden and bamboo bowls at least 3,000 years ago. Very quickly the artisans realised the decorative potentials of this material. Multiple layers of lacquer were piled on the surface of the vessel and decorative patterns were carved on the lacquer. In this example three phoenixes are shown against a background of peonies.","physicalDescription":"With everted rim, red lacquer, carved on the outside with three phoenixes among peony sprays above a stylised petal border, against a square diaper ground. Key-fret border round the rim. Brownish-black inside.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"lacquer","id":"AAT14916"}],"techniques":[{"text":"carved","id":"AAT53149"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Lacquered wood, carved","categories":[{"text":"Lacquerware","id":"THES49004"}],"styles":[{"text":"Ming","id":"AAT18438"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"EAS","id":"THES48596"},"images":["2006AL5015"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"44 (VA)","id":"THES49802"},"free":"","case":"CA048","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"006","id":"THES370457"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Bowl","id":""}],[{"text":"Storage box","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"China","id":"x29398"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1550-1600","earliest":"1545-01-01","latest":"1600-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Given by Sir Harry and Lady Garner","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Diameter","value":"20.4","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Bowl, carved red lacquer, China, Ming dynasty, ca. 1550-1600","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Watson, William. <u>Art of Dynastic China</u>. New York: Harry N Abrams, 1981. p. 494 and fig. 623."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Garner, Harry (1979) <i>Chinese Lacquer</i>, London-Boston: Faber and Faber, p. 131, pl. 70"},{"reference":{"text":"<i>Chinese and Associated Lacquer from the Garner Collection</i>, London : British Museum, 1973","id":"AUTH356383"},"details":"63","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"<i>The World of lacquer : 2000 years of history</i>, Lisbon : Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, 2001","id":"AUTH356384"},"details":"7","free":""}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"phoenix birds","id":"x35915"},{"text":"peony","id":"x30070"},{"text":"鳳凰","id":"CIT284304"},{"text":"牡丹","id":"CIT279786"},{"text":"回紋","id":"CIT281679"},{"text":"錦地","id":"CIT283420"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"Bowl \r\nMing dynasty\r\n1550-1600\r\n\r\nThe phoenix, symbol of the empress and presiding over all winged animals, is also associated with the south. With the peony, king of flowers, it creates a wish for wealth, rank and prosperity.\r\n\r\nCarved lacquer on wood\r\n\r\nSir Harry Garner Gift\r\nMuseum no. FE.39-1974","date":{"text":"2009","earliest":"2009-01-01","latest":"2009-12-31"}}],"partNumbers":["FE.39:1-1974","FE.39:2-1974"],"accessionNumberNum":"39","accessionNumberPrefix":"FE","accessionYear":1974,"otherNumbers":[{"type":{"text":"Negative number","id":"THES50273"},"number":"GF.4995"}],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE","Storage box","Bowl"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2026-06-08","recordCreationDate":"2003-03-05","availableToBook":false}}