{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O7554"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O7554/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AJ7021/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AJ7021/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006AJ7021","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AP3071","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017KA7265","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2021MY8301","copyright":"©Victoria & Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O7554/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O7554","accessionNumber":"4237:1 to 9-1855","objectType":"Window","titles":[{"title":"Prophet Ezekiel flanked by Saints John the Evangelist and James the Less","type":"generic title"}],"summaryDescription":"These stained glass panels were made in the workshop of Thomas of Oxford who was commissioned by William of Wykeham, Bishop of Winchester (1366-1404), to make decorated windows for his educational establishments of Winchester College, Winchester, and New College, Oxford. Thomas of Oxford was an important glazier at the end of the 14th century and on into the early years of the 15th century. He headed a stained glass workshop which was probably located in Oxford or just outside the city. A document dated 1393 discusses the contract for the Winchester windows and these panels date from that time.\r\n\r\nThese three panels were originally located in the side windows closest to the altar in the Chapel of Winchester College. The east window of this Chapel was filled with glass depicting the genealogy of Jesus Christ in the form of a 'Tree of Jesse'. The side windows contained images of saints, the twelve Apostles and Old Testament prophets. The figures here represent the Apostles St John the Evangelist and St James the Less and the Old Testament prophet Ezekiel. \r\n\r\nBetween 1821 and 1828, the Chapel windows were taken down to be restored by the firm of Betton and Evans of Shrewsbury. However, the firm decided to replace the originals with copies. The V&A’s panels are original and were purchased from the studio by the Rev. W.G. Rowland who intended to install them in St. Mary’s Shrewbury but instead sold them. In 1855, the museum bought them from the current owner.\r\n\r\nThis figure of the prophet Ezekiel stands on a pedestal base which bears the name of Sophonias. It is believed that during the restoration in the early 19th century, the section of glass bearing the name ‘Sophonias’ was mistakenly inserted into the base of the panel with the figure of Ezekiel.","physicalDescription":"Window in 3 lights. The Prophet Ezekiel (centre) flanked by St. John the Evangelist (left), and St. James the Less (right), under canopies. The central panel figure stands on a pediment which bears the inscription 'Sophonias' (Zephaniah). However, this pediment originally belonged to another figure and was probably put under the figure of Ezekiel mistakenly during its removal in 1825 or while in the workshops of the firm Betton and Evans.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Thomas of Oxford","id":"A14640"},"association":{"text":"Glazier","id":"AAT25286"},"note":""},{"name":{"text":"Thomas of Oxford","id":"A14640"},"association":{"text":"maker","id":"AAT251917"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"Stained glass","id":""},{"text":"glass","id":"AAT10797"}],"techniques":[{"text":"painting","id":"x30598"},{"text":"silver staining","id":"x38899"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Clear, coloured and flashed glass with painted details and silver staining.","categories":[{"text":"Stained Glass","id":"THES48891"},{"text":"Religion","id":"THES48900"},{"text":"Christianity","id":"THES48978"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"CER","id":"THES48594"},"images":["2006AJ7021","2006AP3071","2017KA7265","2021MY8301"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"10 (VA)","id":"THES49099"},"free":"","case":"WS","shelf":"EXP","box":""},{"current":{"text":"10 (VA)","id":"THES49099"},"free":"","case":"WS","shelf":"EXP","box":""},{"current":{"text":"10 (VA)","id":"THES49099"},"free":"","case":"WS","shelf":"EXP","box":""},{"current":{"text":"10 (VA)","id":"THES49099"},"free":"","case":"WS","shelf":"EXP","box":""},{"current":{"text":"10 (VA)","id":"THES49099"},"free":"","case":"WS","shelf":"EXP","box":""},{"current":{"text":"10 (VA)","id":"THES49099"},"free":"","case":"WS","shelf":"EXP","box":""},{"current":{"text":"10 (VA)","id":"THES49099"},"free":"","case":"WS","shelf":"EXP","box":""},{"current":{"text":"10 (VA)","id":"THES49099"},"free":"","case":"WS","shelf":"EXP","box":""},{"current":{"text":"10 (VA)","id":"THES49099"},"free":"","case":"WS","shelf":"EXP","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Window","id":""}],[{"text":"Window","id":""}],[{"text":"Window","id":""}],[{"text":"Window","id":""}],[{"text":"Window","id":""}],[{"text":"Window","id":""}],[{"text":"Window","id":""}],[{"text":"Window","id":""}],[{"text":"Window","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Oxfordshire","id":"x29444"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1393","earliest":"1393-01-01","latest":"1397-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"360.7","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"maximum","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"166.9","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"maximum","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Overall dimensions but better to use the individual dimensions (see Projex).","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"STS Johannus","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"Sanctus Johannus / Saint John","transliteration":"","type":"","note":""},{"content":"Sophonias","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":""},{"content":"Scs Jacobus","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"St James","transliteration":"","type":"","note":""}],"objectHistory":"These three window lights were originally located in the windows nearest the altar of the Chapel of Winchester College in Winchester.\r\nThe three figures were not next to one another. They were separate lights from a larger composition which consisted of the 12 Apostles and prophet figures.\r\nIn 1825 the window was removed by the firm Betton and Evans of Shrewsbury for restoration. However, the windows were not reinstated and instead the firm made copies which are still in the Chapel today. The Ezekiel, John the Evangelist and James the Less panels are original and were sold by Betton and Evans and came to the V&A (South Kensington Museum) in 1855.\r\nContemporary records indicate that the panels for these windows were brought from Oxford (from the workshop of Thomas the Glazier) to Winchester in 1393. There were repairs made to the windows in 1412/13.","historicalContext":"William of Wykeham, Bishop of Winchester (1366-1404).\r\nWinchester College, Winchester\r\n(1380) Windows made for New College Oxford, \tfounded by William of Wykeham\r\n(1382) Founded by William of Wykeham (Bishop of Winchester, d.1404)\r\n(1387-94) Building work\r\n(1393) Windows delivered\r\nBy c.end 14th century or early 15th century the windows were completed.\r\n(1393) Wykeham’s Household expenses records payments for carriage of glass from Esher to Oxford and also to Winchester for windows at the College for 9 days with 12 horses and 6 drivers (19s. 3d.).\r\nThomas the Glazier carried out the work\r\n(1394) Thomas Glazier visiting Wykeham in London and was paid to take out and replace the glass in the chapel windows of Highclere House, Wykehams’s London residence.\r\n(1395-6) Thomas working at Canterbury College, Oxford.\r\n(1397-8) Worked in Adderbury Church, Oxon.\r\n(1409-10) Worked on the windows of St. Mary’s Church [the same one as in Adderbury?]\r\nSeems to have had a son, John, who carried on his work until 1456.\r\n(1822-8) Glass removed by Sir John Betton and David Evans of Shrewsbury and replaced by copies.\r\n\r\nNew College Chapel, Oxford glass:\r\n(1380) Foundation stone laid.\r\n(1386) Formally took possession of the buildings – author assumes windows were completed by this time but no building accounts survive for this period\r\nChapel has a choir of 5 bays and is lit by 5 large windows on each side (no East window).\r\nThe 80 main lights contained figures of saints.\r\nAnte-chapel the great West window contained a ‘Tree of Jesse’ and a ‘Doom’.\r\nTwo eastern windows: 12 Apostles, 4 representations of Crucified Christ with BVM and St John Evangelist, Old Testament prophets.\r\n\r\nNO documentary proof but belief windows were done by Thomas Glazier of Oxford.\r\nInfo on Thomas:\r\n(1351-2) Subscription of craftsmen for decoration of St. Stephen’s Chapel, Westminster included stained glass painters Nicholas and Thomas Dadyngton (father and son?) who are assumed to be from Deddington which is between Banbury and Oxford. Some people have tried to connect Thomas Dadyngton with Thomas Glazier of Oxford.\r\n(August 1386) First mention of Thomas Glazier in the New College records – he dined in the Hall. This occurred a few times a year for ten years.\r\n(1416-7) Thomas Glazier’s last recorded work with New College.\r\n(1421-2) Thomas Glazier recorded as repairing the glass at Winchester College.\r\n(1427-8) Thomas Glazier mentioned in a document as deceased.\r\n\r\nWinchester glass:\r\nChapel East Window:\r\nTree of Jesse and saints beneath canopies","briefDescription":"Composite window, the Prophet Ezekiel flanked by Saints John and James the Less, England, probably ca. 1393, from Winchester College Chapel","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"Williamson, Paul. Medieval and Renaissance stained glass in the Victoria and Albert Museum. London: V&A Publications, 2003.","id":"AUTH409793"},"details":"","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Woodforde, Christopher, The Stained Glass of New College, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1951"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Le Couteur, J.D., Ancient Glass in Winchester, Winchester, 1920"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Powell, H.J., 'The Picture windows in New College Ante-Chapel', Burlington Magazine, VIII"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Rackham, Bernard, 'The Glass of Winchester College Chapel', Journal of the British Society of Master Glass Painters, I, no.4"},{"reference":{"text":"Williamson, Paul. Medieval and Renaissance stained glass in the Victoria and Albert Museum. London: V&A Publications, 2003.","id":"AUTH409793"},"details":"","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Harvey, J.H. and G. King, 'Winchester College Stained Glass', Archaeologia, CIII (1971)"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Harvey, John H., 'The Strange story of William of Wykenham's stained glass - the real and the copy', The Illustrated London News, April 1, 1950"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Object Information File"},{"reference":{"text":"Alexander, Jonathan, and Paul Binski (eds.), Age of Chivalry: Art in Plantagenet England 1200-1400, London: Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 1987.","id":"AUTH347483"},"details":"","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"Baker, Malcolm, and Brenda Richardson (eds.), <i>A Grand Design: The Art of the Victoria and Albert Museum</i>, London: V&A Publications, 1999.","id":"AUTH348910"},"details":"","free":""}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[{"text":"Ezekiel","id":"N589"},{"text":"John (Saint John the Evangelist)","id":"N103"},{"text":"James (Saint, the Less)","id":"N447"}],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"saints","id":"AAT150555"},{"text":"prophets","id":"AAT188709"},{"text":"architecture","id":"AAT54156"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["4237:1-1855","4237:2-1855","4237:3-1855","4237:4-1855","4237:5-1855","4237:6-1855","4237:7-1855","4237:8-1855","4237:9-1855"],"accessionNumberNum":"4237","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":1855,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE","Window [1]","Window [2]","Window [3]","Window [4]","Window [5]","Window [6]","Window [7]","Window [8]","Window [9]"],"assets":["2019LM9607","2019LM9608","2019LM9621","2019LM9622","2019LM9775","2019LN2468","2019LN2747","2019LN3230","2019LN3267","2019LN9827","2019LN9804","2019LN9726","2019LN9395","2019LN9114","2019LN8973","2019LN8962","2019LN8284","2019LN7869","2019LR0550","2019LP9315","2019LP9030","2019LP8506","2019LP2621","2019LR6675","2019LR6332","2019LR5922","2019LR5485","2019LU6079","2019LU5588","2019LU5313","2019LU2825","2019LU1773","2019LT9858","2019LT9614","2019LT8853","2019LV3129","2019LV3059","2019LV2285","2019LV1949","2019LV1177","2019LX0770","2019LX0047","2019LW1219","2019LW0668","2019LV8593"],"recordModificationDate":"2025-08-14","recordCreationDate":"1998-04-28","availableToBook":false}}