{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O754582"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O754582/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2014HG4827/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2014HG4827/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2014HG4827","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2020ML2520","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O754582/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O754582","accessionNumber":"E.187-1929","objectType":"Design","titles":[{"title":"Design for a chinoiserie-inspired pier-glass from; A Miscellaneous Collection of Original Designs, made, and for the most part executed, during an extensive Practice of many years in the first line of his Profession, by John Linnell, Upholsterer Carver & Cabinet Maker. Selected from his Portfolios at his Decease, by C. H. Tatham Architect. AD 1800.","type":"series title"}],"summaryDescription":"This presentation design for a pier-glass by John Linnell is contemporary with the fashion for chinoiserie which was often incorporated into furniture design during the 18<sup>th</sup> century. Chinoiserie was the style inspired by the art and design of China, Japan and other Asian countries. The curved, naturalistic details that Linnell has used to form the frame display the rococo style which was also popular during this period. The rococo became popular around 1730 and was characterized by asymmetry and flamboyant, curved ornamentation. The two styles were frequently combined to create fanciful visual effects. \r\n\r\nThe use of steps and a bridge-like structure within this design as well as the natural decoration and the Chinese figure, creates the vision of a Chinese-inspired garden. Chinoiserie figures feature frequently within Linnell’s designs for pier-glasses. Carvers such as Thomas Johnson were producing designs for girandoles with similar stylistic features. \r\n\r\nPier-glasses were mirrors placed on a wall in between two windows within an interior. Extremely elaborate pier-glasses such as this one were often used to emphasize the grandeur of a wealthy household. They were also important sources of light within an 18<sup>th</sup> century interior as they could reflect the light of nearby candles. Mirror glass was extremely expensive during the 18<sup>th</sup> century and while it became increasingly available towards the end of the century, even the wealthiest clients often recycled existing mirror-glass. The inscription ‘Breakfast Room’ on this design demonstrates that this design may have been created with a specific interior in mind. ","physicalDescription":"A design for a pier-glass in the chinoiserie style. The frame takes the form of a garden where leafy tress are entwined around the sides of the frame from the bottom to the top. At the bottom, the frame takes the form of steps and a bridge. The frame is surmounted by a chinoiserie figure holding a Chinese umbrella. The frame is coloured with yellow watercolour and the mirror glass is blue. ","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"John Linnell","id":"A8618"},"association":{"text":"designer","id":"x36960"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[],"techniques":[{"text":"drawing","id":"x32498"},{"text":"painting","id":"x30598"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Pen and ink and yellow and blue watercolour with pencil markings","categories":[{"text":"Frames","id":"THES48949"},{"text":"Designs","id":"THES48968"},{"text":"Drawings","id":"THES48966"}],"styles":[{"text":"chinoiserie","id":"AAT21167"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2014HG4827","2020ML2520"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"LVLE","id":"THES49657"},"free":"","case":"W","shelf":"8","box":"C9"}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"drawing","id":""}],[{"text":"designs","id":"AAT102051"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"England","id":"x28826"},"association":{"text":"drawn","id":"x30545"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca.1755-60","earliest":"1750-01-01","latest":"1760-12-31"},"association":{"text":"drawn","id":"x30545"},"note":"Production date obtained from Hayward and Kirkham p.94"}],"associatedObjects":[{"object":{"text":"E.200-1929","id":"O754569"},"association":"Design"}],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"height","value":"18.3","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"13/04/2015","earliest":"2015-04-13","latest":"2015-04-13"},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"width","value":"12.3","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"13/04/2015","earliest":"2015-04-13","latest":"2015-04-13"},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"'Breakfast Room'","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":""},{"content":"'Plate 2 No.1'","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":""},{"content":"","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":""}],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Design for a chinoiserie-inspired pier-glass in pen and ink, yellow and blue watercolour by John Linnell, English, ca.1755-60","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Lambert, Susan (ed.) <u>Pattern & Design: Designs for the Decorative Arts 1480-1980</u> London: Victoria and Albert Museum, 1983"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"<u>Victoria and Albert Museum, Department of Engraving, Illustration and Design and Department of Paintings, Accessions 1929</u>, London: Board of Education, 1930."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"\r\nHayward, H. and Kirkham, P. William and John Linnell Eighteenth Century London Furniture Makers, London; Studio Vista, Christie’s (1980) \r\n"}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"mirrors","id":"AAT37682"},{"text":"frames","id":"AAT189814"},{"text":"Chinese","id":"AAT18322"},{"text":"chinoiserie","id":"AAT21167"},{"text":"trees","id":"AAT132410"},{"text":"steps","id":"AAT3312"},{"text":"bridge","id":"AAT7838"},{"text":"umbrella","id":"AAT46227"},{"text":"figure","id":"x31047"},{"text":"","id":""}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["E.187-1929"],"accessionNumberNum":"187","accessionNumberPrefix":"E","accessionYear":1929,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-12","recordCreationDate":"2009-06-30","availableToBook":false}}