{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O74188"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O74188/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2007BR2933/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2007BR2933/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2007BR2933","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2007BR2876","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AN7344","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O74188/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O74188","accessionNumber":"CIRC.9&A-1936","objectType":"Button","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"These two buttons are made from cut steel and may originally have served as cuff links. Individual faceted steel studs are attached to a backplate through a series of carefully spaced holes. \r\nThe production of cut-steel ornaments appears to have first started in Woodstock near Oxford in the early 1600s. By the 1760s it had spread to other English cities, including London and Birmingham. Cut steel became popular on the Continent as well. It was not only used as a cheap substitute. The inventory made after the death of the French Empress Josephine in 1814 also included two suites of cut-steel jewellery.\r\nCut steel continued to flit in and out of fashion throughout the 19th century. It was produced in Paris in small quantities until the 1940s.","physicalDescription":"A pair of buttons made from cut steel, perhaps later adapted for use as cuff-links.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"Steel","id":"AAT133751"}],"techniques":[],"materialsAndTechniques":"Cut steel","categories":[{"text":"Metalwork","id":"THES48920"},{"text":"Clothing","id":"THES48975"},{"text":"Europeana Fashion Project","id":"THES265804"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"MET","id":"THES48599"},"images":["2007BR2933","2007BR2876","2006AN7344"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"91 (VA)","id":"THES49703"},"free":"","case":"15","shelf":"C","box":"2"},{"current":{"text":"91 (VA)","id":"THES49703"},"free":"","case":"15","shelf":"C","box":"2"}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Button","id":""}],[{"text":"Button","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"England","id":"x28826"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1800","earliest":"1795-01-01","latest":"1804-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[{"object":{"text":"MA/2/A8/2","id":"ARC7157"},"association":"Archive record"}],"creditLine":"Given anonymously","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Diameter","value":"2.6","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Pair of buttons, cut steel, England, about 1800.","bibliographicReferences":[],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"16. PAIR OF BUTTONS, cut steel, England; c. 1810\nMuseum No. Circ.9&a-1936","date":{"text":"07/1994","earliest":"1994-07-01","latest":"1994-07-31"}}],"partNumbers":["CIRC.9A-1936","CIRC.9-1936"],"accessionNumberNum":"9","accessionNumberPrefix":"CIRC","accessionYear":1936,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE","Button [1]","Button [2]"],"assets":["2019LP4272","2019LR5665","2019LT7213","2019LT6563","2019LU3116","2019LW6754","2020MP0645","2020MP0647"],"recordModificationDate":"2025-09-29","recordCreationDate":"2003-02-11","availableToBook":false}}