{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O73954"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O73954/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2018KP6446/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2018KP6446/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2018KP6446","copyright":"©Victoria & Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2018KP6447","copyright":"©Victoria & Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AV3043","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O73954/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O73954","accessionNumber":"FE.29-1980","objectType":"Fan","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"This fan has ivory guards and sticks but the leaves are of mica. The supply of ivory to China came mostly from Africa, India and South-east Asia and was greatly facilitated by the participation of Western merchants in maritime trade between these regions. The Chinese port of Canton became a thriving manufacturing centre of ivory goods.","physicalDescription":"The fan is formed of sheets of transparent mica sewn to the ivory sticks, and bound to each other with thin strips of paper. The thirteen sticks are carved in pierced openwork, and the extensions which bear the blades are covered in painted paper. A strip of painted paper connects the mica blades at the base. The plain washer is made of brass.\r\nThe ivory guards are painted with designs of a tiger, bird and foliage. The same design appears on the paper strip pasted to the inside of each guard.\r\nThe blades of the fan are decorated with a design in enamel colours, chiefly blue, red and green, of phoenixes and <i>qilin</i> among rocks and flowers. A band of lattice work and floral motifs frames the main design at top and bottom. The blades are also decorated with small fragments of mother of pearl and kingfisher feather appliqué, some of which are now missing.\r\nSupply of ivory, mostly from Africa, India and Southeast Asia, was greatly facilitated by the participation of Western merchants in maritime trade between these regions. The Chinese port city Canton became a thriving manufacturing centre of ivory goods. Made for the western market.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"mica (mineral)","id":"AAT11124"},{"text":"paper","id":"x30308"},{"text":"ivory","id":"AAT11857"},{"text":"mother of pearl","id":"AAT11835"},{"text":"kingfisher's feather","id":"x40163"},{"text":"brass","id":"AAT10946"}],"techniques":[{"text":"Openwork","id":"x32481"},{"text":"applied work","id":"AAT53646"},{"text":"painting","id":"x30598"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Painted mica and paper on carved elephant ivory sticks","categories":[{"text":"Accessories","id":"THES48998"},{"text":"Textiles","id":"THES48885"},{"text":"Fans","id":"THES253017"}],"styles":[{"text":"Qing","id":"AAT18478"},{"text":"Chinese export","id":"AAT120350"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"EAS","id":"THES48596"},"images":["2018KP6446","2018KP6447","2006AV3043"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"005","id":"THES326699"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Fan","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"China","id":"x29398"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1730","earliest":"1725-01-01","latest":"1734-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"277","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"430","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Purchased. Registered File number 1980/1067.","historicalContext":"Compare with T.221-1959, a fan of similar period, but made of paper with panels of mica set in.","briefDescription":"Folding fan, painted mica and paper on carved ivory sticks, China, Qing dynasty, ca. 1730","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Clunas, Craig (Editor), <u>Chinese Export Art and Design</u>, London: V&A Publications, 1987, page 98, image 76"}],"production":"Annie Marie Benson Identification, 2017: c.1700; sticks certainly ealier than 1730. Ivory sticks. Paper at the top of leaf to finish and reinforce. Made for the European market. ","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"tiger","id":"x36392"},{"text":"birds","id":"x35043"},{"text":"foliage","id":"x42645"},{"text":"phoenix birds","id":"x35915"},{"text":"qilin","id":"x43579"},{"text":"floral patterns","id":"AAT10135"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"Fashioned from Nature, 21 April 2018 – 27 January 2019\r\nMATERIAL EXTRAVAGANCE\r\n\r\nFans, used to cool the air and whisk away flies, also served as fashion accessories to convey the user’s wealth and taste. Skilfully manipulated, they could serve as a form of non-verbal communication.\r\nFans were made of materials from geographically remote areas. The most costly fans were embellished with carving, gilding, paint, metal foil and jewels.\n\r\nChina exported complete fans to Europe, as well as the sticks and guards to make them.\r\n‘Belshazzar’s Feast’ fan Flanders (leaf); China (sticks and guards), 1690–1720\r\nIvory (probably African elephant), turtle shell (probably hawksbill), metal and watercolour on vellum\r\nV&amp;A: T.22-1957\r\nGiven by Admiral Sir Robert and Lady Prendergast\r\n‘Venus and Adonis’ fan\r\nLeonardo Germo, after Francesco Albani (1578–1660) Rome, 1680–1720\r\nTurtle shell (probably hawksbill) and watercolour on kid leather\r\nV&amp;A: 2200-1876\r\nGiven by Sir Matthew Digby Wyatt and Lady Wyatt\r\nFan with kingfisher feathers China, about 1730\r\nIvory (probably African elephant), brass and mica, with enamel, mother-of-pearl and kingfisher (Alcedinidae sp.) feathers\r\nV&amp;A: FE.29-1980\r\n‘Bacchus and Ariadne’ fan\r\nProbably Britain, 1740s\r\nIvory and gouache on vellum, with rye straw and mother-of-pearl\r\nV&amp;A: 531-1869\r\nFan with wedding scene France, 1770–90\r\nTurtle shell, mother-of-pearl (possibly Haliotis sp.) and painted paper, with gilding, glass and metal V&amp;A: T.98-1956\r\nGiven by Admiral Sir Robert and Lady Prendergast\r\n\r\n","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null}}],"partNumbers":["FE.29-1980"],"accessionNumberNum":"29","accessionNumberPrefix":"FE","accessionYear":1980,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2018LC2272","2018LC2367","2018LC2368"],"recordModificationDate":"2026-05-23","recordCreationDate":"2003-02-06","availableToBook":true}}