{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O72861"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O72861/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2014HF8975/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2014HF8975/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2014HF8975","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AP7960","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017JU9712","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O72861/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O72861","accessionNumber":"930-1913","objectType":"Photograph","titles":[{"title":"John Frederick William Herschel","type":"generic title"},{"title":"J.F.W. Herschel","type":"assigned by artist"}],"summaryDescription":"When Julia Margaret Cameron photographed her intellectual heroes, such as Tennyson, her aim was to record ‘the greatness of the inner as well as the features of the outer man’. Another motive was to earn money from prints, since her family’s finances were precarious. Within her first year as a photographer she began exhibiting and selling through the London gallery Colnaghi’s. She used autographs to increase the value of some portraits. \n\nIn March 1868 Cameron used two rooms at the South Kensington Museum as a portrait studio. Her letter of thanks makes clear her commercial aspirations, mentioning photographs she had sold and asking for help securing more sitters, including, she wrote hopefully, any ‘Royal sitters you may obtain for me’. \n\nSir John Herschel was an eminent scientist who made important contributions to astronomy and photography. Cameron wrote of this sitting, ‘When I have such men before my camera my whole soul has endeavoured to do its duty towards them in recording faithfully the greatness of the inner as well as the features of the outer man. The photograph thus taken has been almost the embodiment of a prayer.’\r\n","physicalDescription":"A photograph of an elderly man (Sir John Herschel) from the shoulders up, wearing a cap.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Cameron, Julia Margaret","id":"A8214"},"association":{"text":"photographer","id":"AAT25687"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"photographic paper","id":"AAT14190"}],"techniques":[{"text":"albumen process","id":"AAT133274"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Albumen print from wet collodion glass negative","categories":[{"text":"Photographs","id":"THES48910"},{"text":"Portraits","id":"THES48906"},{"text":"Science","id":"THES48898"},{"text":"Woman Artist","id":"THES387590"},{"text":"Woman photographer","id":"THES380381"}],"styles":[{"text":"Victorian","id":"AAT21232"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2014HF8975","2006AP7960","2017JU9712"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"LVLF","id":"THES49656"},"free":"","case":"X","shelf":"311F","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"photograph","id":"AAT46300"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Hawkhurst","id":"x36227"},"association":{"text":"photographed","id":"x30151"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"April 1867","earliest":"1867-04-01","latest":"1867-04-30"},"association":{"text":"photographed","id":"x30151"},"note":"month of production assigned by Cox and Ford; copyright 9 April 1867"}],"associatedObjects":[{"object":{"text":"1144-1963","id":"O81162"},"association":"copy"}],"creditLine":"Given by Alan S. Cole, 19  April 1913","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"34.3","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"image","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"26.6","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"image","note":""},{"dimension":"Height","value":"42.0","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"mount","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"30.4","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"mount","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"'From life at his own residence Collingwood April 1867'","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"brown ink","method":"inscribed","position":"on mount, lower left under image","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"on mount, lower left under image; inscribed; brown ink"},{"content":"'Julia Margaret Cameron'","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"brown ink","method":"signing","position":"on mount, lower right, under image.","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"Signature","note":"Signature; on mount, lower right, under image.; signing; brown ink"},{"content":"'John Frederick William Herschel'","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"Herschel, John Frederick William","id":"A9844"},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"brown ink","method":"inscribed","position":"on mount, lower centre","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"on mount, lower centre; inscribed; brown ink; Herschel, John Frederick William"},{"content":"'930-1913.'","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"brown ink","method":"inscribed","position":"on mount, lower right","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"on mount, lower right; inscribed; brown ink"},{"content":"'x.311 Photographs by Mrs. Julia Margaret Cameron c.1864-75./Sir John Herschel. 1867./ 930-1913'","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"pasting","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"Museum labels","note":"Museum labels; pasting"}],"objectHistory":"Julia Margaret Cameron (1815–79) was one of the most important and innovative photographers of the 19th century. Her photographs were rule-breaking: purposely out of focus, and often including scratches, smudges and other traces of the artist’s process.  Best known for her powerful portraits, she also posed her sitters – friends, family and servants – as characters from biblical, historical or allegorical stories.   \r\n\r\nBorn in Calcutta on 11 June 1815, the fourth of seven sisters, her father was an East India Company official and her mother descended from French aristocracy. Educated mainly in France, Cameron returned to India in 1834. \r\n\r\nIn 1842, the British astronomer Sir John Herschel (1792 – 1871) introduced Cameron to photography, sending her examples of the new invention. They had met in 1836 while Cameron was convalescing from an illness in the Cape of Good Hope, South Africa.  He remained a life-long friend and correspondent on technical photographic matters. That same year she met Charles Hay Cameron (1795–1880), 20 years her senior, a reformer of Indian law and education. They married in Calcutta in 1838 and she became a prominent hostess in colonial society. A decade later, the Camerons moved to England. By then they had four children; two more were born in England. Several of Cameron’s sisters were already living there, and had established literary, artistic and social connections. The Camerons eventually settled in Freshwater, on the Isle of Wight.\r\n\r\nAt the age of 48 Cameron received a camera as a gift from her daughter and son-in-law. It was accompanied by the words, ‘It may amuse you, Mother, to try to photograph during your solitude at Freshwater.’  Cameron had compiled albums and even printed photographs before, but her work as a photographer now began in earnest.  \r\n\r\nThe Camerons lived at Freshwater until 1875, when they moved to Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) where Charles Cameron had purchased coffee and rubber plantations, managed under difficult agricultural and financial conditions by three of their sons. Cameron continued her photographic practice at her new home yet her output decreased significantly and only a small body of photographs from this time remains. After moving to Ceylon the Camerons made only one more visit to England in May 1878.  Julia Margaret Cameron died after a brief illness in Ceylon in 1879.\r\n\r\nCameron’s relationship with the Victoria and Albert Museum dates to the earliest years of her photographic career.  The first museum exhibition of Cameron's work was held in 1865 at the South Kensington Museum, London (now the V&amp;A). The South Kensington Museum was not only the sole museum to exhibit Cameron’s work in her lifetime, but also the institution that collected her photographs most extensively in her day. In 1868 the Museum gave Cameron the use of two rooms as a portrait studio, perhaps qualifying her as its first artist-in-residence. Today the V&amp;A’s Cameron collection includes photographs acquired directly from the artist, others collected later from various sources, and five letters from Cameron to Sir Henry Cole (1808–82), the Museum’s founding director and an early supporter of photography.\r\n","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Photograph by Julia Margaret Cameron, 'John Frederick William Herschel', albumen print, 1867","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Julian Cox and Colin Ford etal, Julia Margaret Cameron, The Complete Photographs, Thames and Hudson, 2003, cat. no 674, p. 325."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Weiss, Marta. <u>Julia Margaret Cameron: Photographs to electrify you with delight and startle the world</u>. London: MACK, 2015, p. 107."}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[{"text":"Sir John Frederick William Herschel","id":"N878"}],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"portraits","id":"AAT15637"},{"text":"astronomers","id":"AAT25789"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"<i>Julia Margaret Cameron</i>\nVictoria and Albert Museum\n\n<b>John Frederick William Herschel\n</b>\r\n1867\n\r\nSir John Herschel was an eminent scientist who made important contributions to astronomy and photography. Cameron wrote of this sitting, ‘When I have such men before my camera my whole soul has endeavoured to do its duty towards them in recording faithfully the greatness of the inner as well as the features of the outer man. The photograph thus taken has been almost the embodiment of a prayer.’\n\r\nGiven by Alan S. Cole, 1913\r\nV&A: 930-1913","date":{"text":"28 November 2015 - 21 February 2016","earliest":"2015-11-28","latest":"2016-02-21"}},{"text":"Julia Margaret Cameron experimented boldly with focus and scale, flaunting the conventions of conventional studio portraiture to create the dramatic, close-up portraits for which she is best known. Here she depicts her mentor, the astronomer J. F. W. Herschel, who probably introduced her to photography. Herschel made major contributions to photographic science. He invented 'hypo', the chemical that fixes photographs, and coined the terms 'positive', 'negative' and even the word 'photography' itself.","date":{"text":"19/08/2004","earliest":"2004-08-19","latest":"2004-08-19"}}],"partNumbers":["930-1913"],"accessionNumberNum":"930","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":1913,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-07","recordCreationDate":"2003-01-13","availableToBook":false}}