{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O72373"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O72373/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006BF2732/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006BF2732/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006BF2732","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017JT7169","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O72373/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O72373","accessionNumber":"IM.81-1936","objectType":"Figure","titles":[{"title":"Buddha sheltered by Muchalinda","type":"generic title"}],"summaryDescription":"Muchalinda Buddha, mid 3rd century, Limestone, Andhra Pradesh.","physicalDescription":"This small relief with a pointed apex represents the Buddha, with his right hand raised, symbolising his role as protector,seated in meditation. He sits on two coils of the snake (<i>naga</i>) deity, Muchalinda (Mucalinda), whose body curls up behind the master's raised arm with his multi heads fanning out above the Buddha's head. This represents the scene when the serpent-king Muchalinda protected the Buddha for seven days during a violent storm after his Enlightenment. The relief is damaged on the right side so that half of the snake deity's heads are missing.  The Buddha wears a monk's robe which is shown falling over his left shoulder with the end tucked over his left arm above his hand which rests upturned in his lap. The Buddha has a severe appearance with a turned -down mouth, deep-set staring eyes, long ear lobes and his hair shown like a cap inscribed with rough circles to denote curls rising to a shallow ushnisha.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"marble","id":"AAT11443"}],"techniques":[{"text":"carving","id":"AAT53149"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Carved marble","categories":[{"text":"Sculpture","id":"THES48896"},{"text":"Buddhism","id":"THES48984"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"SSEA","id":"THES48598"},"images":["2006BF2732","2017JT7169"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"CNSC","id":"THES49201"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Figure","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Andhra Pradesh","id":"x29820"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"probably made in Nagarjunakonda"}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"c. 3rd century","earliest":"0195-01-01","latest":"0303-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"probably during the Ikshvaku dynasty"}],"associatedObjects":[{"object":{"text":"MA/1/H3359","id":"ARC165635"},"association":"Archive record"}],"creditLine":"Given by E.H. Hunt Esq., F.R.C.S.","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"16.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"14.6","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Depth","value":"3","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Serpent worship has been popular in the region at Amaravati and Nagarjunakunda since ancient times. This piece was bought by the donor from a dealer in Hyderabad.","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Muchalinda Buddha, mid 3rd century, Limestone, Andhra Pradesh.","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"The Buddhist art of Nāgārjunakoṇḍa / Elizabeth Rosen Stone. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 1994 Number: 8120808282","id":"AUTH337917"},"details":"pp. 53, 57 and 66; illustration 118","free":"Barrett,D., <u>Sulptures from Amaravati in the British Museum</u>, 1954, pl.II.\r\nZimmer, <u>The Art of the Indian Asia</u>, I. pp.63-4 for Muchalinda story.\r\nGuy, John. 'Buddhist Bronzes of Southern India : Rediscovering a Lost History' in <u>Arts of Asia</u>, vol. 30, No. 6, Nov-Dec 2000, pp.103-110."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Guy, John. ‘Indian Temple Sculpture’, London : V&A Publications, 2007. p.20. pl.12.\r\nISBN 9781851775095"},{"reference":{"text":"Barnard, Nick. 'A Third-Century CE Nagarjunakonda Relief and Other Sculpture from Andhra Pradesh in the Victoria and Albert Museum' in Shimada, A. and Willis, M. (eds.) <u>Amaravati: The Art of an Early Buddhist Monument in Context</u>, British Museum Research Publication 207. The British Museum, London, 2016. ISBN 978 0861592074.","id":"AUTH346692"},"details":"p.79, fig. 105","free":""}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"Snake","id":"x35616"}],"contentConcepts":[{"text":"Buddhist","id":"AAT73738"}],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"9. The Buddha Sheltered by the Snake-King\r\nMuchalinda\r\nAbout 250\r\nSatavahana period\r\nLimestone\r\nSouth-eastern India (probably Nagarjunakonda, Andhra Pradesh)\r\nGiven by E.H. Hunt, FRCS\r\nMuseum no. IM.81-1936","date":{"text":"06/06/2011","earliest":"2011-06-06","latest":"2011-06-06"}}],"partNumbers":["IM.81-1936"],"accessionNumberNum":"81","accessionNumberPrefix":"IM","accessionYear":1936,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2020MP1977"],"recordModificationDate":"2026-05-27","recordCreationDate":"2003-01-02","availableToBook":false}}