{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O72144"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O72144/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AU7459/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AU7459/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006AU7459","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006BC2632","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O72144/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O72144","accessionNumber":"M.151-1935","objectType":"Seder plate","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"The Seder plate holds symbolic foods that are eaten during the Passover meal. Seder means ‘order’ in Hebrew, and the service includes the recitation of the story of the exodus from Egypt.\r\n\r\nThe symbolic foods include bitter herbs such as horseradish, as a symbol of suffering, and unleavened bread (matzo) to recall the escape from Egypt when there was not time to wait for the bread to rise. \r\n\r\nIn the centre of the plate is an engraved star and within it an image of the Passover lamb. Around it are scenes that relate to the song ‘Only One Kid’, which is sung on Seder night.","physicalDescription":"Pewter seder plate or qe' arah, with engraved decoration. On the bottom is an eight pointed star with the Passover lamb and the words (Passover sacrifice)  at its centre. Between the rays of the star are two stags (at the top facing one another) and the four sons whose characters have to be considered when explaining the symbolism of Pesach (Passover) the wise son with hand extended to emphasise his learned disputation, the wicked son in military uniform and carrying a halbard in his right hand, the simple son, the youngest son clapping his hands and unable to ask questions. In the bottom spaces are a cockerel and a stork catching eels. Around the rim the old Aramaic song had gadya (a kid for two zuzim) is depicted in words and images which are (working anticlockwise from the top left): the sun with rays formed of shofarot (ram's horn trumpets) and an arm wielding sword; a skeleton with a sword; a ritual slaughterer with a sword; a well, altar, stick, dog and cat and a goat tethered to the leg of a chair upon which sits a man facing a writing table. All these images, are interspersed with representations of small animals and plants. In the curve of the plate are two more inscriptions : the outer (in large square letters) consists of mnemonic seder instructions, as are contained in Haggadot; which the inner ring (in small letters is a Judaeo- German inscription recording that the plate was made for Mordecai ben Salman of Friedberg (in Hessen) and his wife Bella of Marburg, daughter of Abraham (?) and that it was made by Leib bar Yitzak of Berlin.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Yitzak, Lieb bar","id":"A13814"},"association":{"text":"maker","id":"AAT251917"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"pewter","id":"AAT10979"}],"techniques":[{"text":"engraving","id":"AAT53829"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Engraved pewter","categories":[{"text":"Judaism","id":"THES48929"},{"text":"Religion","id":"THES48900"}],"styles":[{"text":"Jewish","id":"x34876"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"MET","id":"THES48599"},"images":["2006AU7459","2006BC2632"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"83","id":"THES49711"},"free":"","case":"CA8A","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Seder Plate","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Berlin","id":"x28746"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1764","earliest":"1764-01-01","latest":"1764-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Young Bequest","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Diameter","value":"39.0","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Depth","value":"37","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"St Michael and the letters' LI'; St Michael on a coroneted shield with the name GOTTLIEB IO","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":""}],"objectHistory":"Part of the Bequest of Captain Frederick Young, 2nd Life Guards","historicalContext":"Jewish Worship\r\nJudaism is the oldest religion in the world to worship the one God. World Jewry has three main groups: Sephardic, Askenazic and Mizrahi (the Jews who never left the Middle East). All are bound together by a common history and their adherence to the Torah (the first five books of the Hebrew Bible) and the Talmud (a compendium of rabbinic law and lore).\r\n\r\nJewish religious traditions and rituals centre on the home, the community and the synagogue. Central to Judaism is the observance of the Sabbath. This is a holy day, set apart from the rest of the working week. It begins one hour before sunset on Friday and ends on Saturday evening when three stars can be seen in the night sky. \r\n\r\nThe Jewish year revolves around a number of festivals, such as Passover. These originated in ancient times and embody multiple layers of meaning, from agricultural festivals to historical events.","briefDescription":"Seder plate. German, Berlin, dated [5]542, CE; 1764. Made by Leib bar Yitzak; Judaica.","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Keen, Michael. <font -u>Jewish Ritual Art in the Victoria and Albert Museum.</font> London: HMSO, 1991. 60 p., ill.  ISBN 0112904491"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Biggs, Julia. 'The Seder Plate'. In: Victoria Avery and Melissa Calaresu, eds, <u>Feast &amp; Fast. The Art of Food in Europe 1500-1800</u>. Catalogue of the exhibition held at the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, 26 November 2019 -to 26 April 2020. Cambridge: The Fitzwilliam Museum / Philip Wilson Publishers, 2019. ISBN 978-1-78130-102-9."}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[{"text":"Passover","id":"V369"}],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"Passover lamb","id":"x38621"}],"contentConcepts":[{"text":"Judaism","id":"AAT73723"}],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"Seder Plate\r\n \r\nThe Seder plate holds symbolic foods that are eaten during the Passover. Seder means 'order' in Hebrew, and the Passover service sets out in order the events in the book of Exodus when the Jewish people were liberated from slavery and left Egypt.\r\n\r\nThe symbolic foods include bitter herbs such as horseradish, as a symbol of the misery of slavery, and unleavened bread (matzo) to recall the escape from Egypt when there was not time to wait for the bread to rise. \r\n\r\nIn the centre of the plate is an engraved star and within it an image of the Passover lamb. Around it are scenes that relate to the song 'Only One Kid', which is sung on Seder night.\r\n\r\nBerlin, Germany, dated 1764;\r\nby Gottlieb Isaac. Pewter\r\nMuseum no. M.151-1935","date":{"text":"22/11/2005","earliest":"2005-11-22","latest":"2005-11-22"}}],"partNumbers":["M.151-1935"],"accessionNumberNum":"151","accessionNumberPrefix":"M","accessionYear":1935,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-08-14","recordCreationDate":"2002-12-18","availableToBook":false}}