{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O72028"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O72028/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2023NP2643/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2023NP2643/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"low","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2023NP2643","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AM0744","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":null},"record":{"systemNumber":"O72028","accessionNumber":"E.5-1959","objectType":"Print","titles":[{"title":"Alphabet","type":"assigned by artist"}],"summaryDescription":"The Jewish artist Ben Shahn (1898-1969) was born in Lithuania and went to the USA as a child. At fourteen he was apprenticed to a lithographer's shop, where his training included endless drawing of the alphabet until the forms were good enough to be printed. The discipline and craft learned then stayed with him. This design is based on the letters of the Hebrew alphabet - a similar design was used for the cover of his book <i>The Alphabet of Creation</i>, after a 13th-century text that celebrates the divine origin and mystic value of letters. The balance of black and white recalls his workshop training, which stressed the importance of space around the letters as well as the shapes themselves. Serigraphy is different from screenprint in that rather than using a stencil on the screen the artist paints directly and un-'guided' onto the screen.","physicalDescription":"Print in black on paper.  Abstract image formed with letters of the Hebrew Alphabet.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Shahn, Ben","id":"A7029"},"association":{"text":"artist","id":"AAT25103"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"paper","id":"x30308"}],"techniques":[{"text":"screen printing","id":"AAT53281"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Screen print on paper","categories":[{"text":"prints","id":"THES48903"}],"styles":[{"text":"Calligraphic","id":"x35559"},{"text":"Abstract","id":"AAT108127"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2023NP2643","2006AM0744"],"imageResolution":"low","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"LVLD","id":"THES49658"},"free":"","case":"DR","shelf":"35","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"print","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1954","earliest":"1949-01-01","latest":"1958-12-31"},"association":{"text":"printed","id":"AAT53319"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Given by Mr S. S. Spivak","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"102","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"sheet","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"69.3","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"sheet","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"'Ben Shahn'","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"ink","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"1) Signature","note":"Signed in ink"}],"objectHistory":"This design embodies the letters of the Hebrew alphabet.  The drawing on which it is based is in the Sachs Collection of the Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University, and is reproduced on p.80 of <i>Ben Shahn His graphic art</i> by J. T. Soby, New York, 1957.  A similar design was used on the front cover of the artist’s <i>The Alphabet of Creation</i>, New York, 1954, and for the cover of <i>Print</i>, Vol IX, No.3, October-November, 1954.","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Ben Shahn: 'Alphabet'. Screenprint with a design formed from letters of the Hebrew alphabet.  Ca.1954.","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"<u>Victoria and Albert Museum Department of Prints and Drawings and Department of Paintings, Accessions 1959 </u>.  London: HMSO, 1964."}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"Limited edition","id":"THES48862"},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["E.5-1959"],"accessionNumberNum":"5","accessionNumberPrefix":"E","accessionYear":1959,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-12","recordCreationDate":"2002-12-16","availableToBook":false}}