{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O71863"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O71863/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AL5800/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AL5800/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006AL5800","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O71863/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O71863","accessionNumber":"7703-1861","objectType":"Relief","titles":[{"title":"St Catherine of Alexandria","type":"generic title"}],"summaryDescription":"Here St Catherine of Alexandria tramples the small figure of her persecutor the Emperor Maxentius underfoot. In her right hand she holds the wheel on which she was tortured. In her left hand she holds the sword with which she was beheaded. The border of her halo has an inscription. In translation it reads: 'O Saint Catherine pray for us'.\r\nThis relief is part of a small group of rectangular plaques. They are made of either red terracotta or white pipeclay.  All four reliefs are of a similar size and very similar in style. The other three, however,  are set in a vaulted chapel-like space or niche.  Such plaques must have been used as objects of personal devotion in monasteries, convents, hospitals and the home. \r\nSt Catherine was especially revered as the bride of Christ and protectress of the dying. This relief would therefore have been well sited in a hospital. It might also have been used as a travelling icon for those near death.","physicalDescription":"Full length figure of St. Catherine of Alexandria, holding in her right hand a wheel, and in her left a sword","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"terracotta","id":"AAT10669"}],"techniques":[{"text":"polychromy","id":"AAT247962"},{"text":"low relief","id":"AAT53623"},{"text":"casting","id":"AAT53104"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Painted terracotta in low relief, casted from a mould","categories":[{"text":"Sculpture","id":"THES48896"},{"text":"Religion","id":"THES48900"},{"text":"Christianity","id":"THES48978"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"SCP","id":"THES48600"},"images":["2006AL5800"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"10 (VA)","id":"THES49099"},"free":"","case":"CA2","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Relief","id":""}],[{"text":"Panel","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Utrecht","id":"x29774"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1480","earliest":"1475-01-01","latest":"1484-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Given by Mr G. H. Morland","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"40.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"22.1","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Depth","value":"3.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Weight","value":"1.94","unit":"kg","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Measured for the Medieval and Renaissance Galleries 2006","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"oheilige : katherina : Bid : voer : ons","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"O Saint Catherine pray for us","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"inscribed at border of her halo"},{"content":"o : suete : heilighekatherï : derighet : ons : aen : / onse : heer : dat : / : vol : voerdi(g)h : voarden : iuhre : belof : ten","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"O sweet Saint Catherine introduces us to Our Lord, fulfilling therefore their promises","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"inscription starting at the bottom left and running around three sides of the frame"}],"objectHistory":"Historical significance: The relief was produced by one of the Utrecht workshops exporting figures and reliefs in terracotta and pipeclay. Their products were imitated by other workshops in Colonne and Westphalia. The presentation of the figure as a three-dimensional statue, placed on an architectural bracket against a background imitating a brocaded textile, continues a convention of representing space in two-dimensional images. This was already seen in Netherlandish painting in the early 1400s.","historicalContext":"This relief is part of a small group of rectangular plaques. They are made of either red terracotta or white pipeclay.  All four reliefs are of a similar size and very similar in style. The other three, however,  are set in a vaulted chapel-like space or niche.  Such plaques must have been used as objects of personal devotion in monasteries, convents, hospitals and the home.\r\nSt Catherine was especially revered as the bride of Christ and protectress of the dying. This relief would therefore have been well sited in a hospital. It might also have been used as a travelling icon for those near death.","briefDescription":"Panel relief, St. Catherine of Alexandria, terracotta, North Netherlands, Utrecht, ca. 1480","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Williamson, Paul, Netherlandish Sculpture 1450-1550, London: Victoria and Albert Museum, 2002. 160p., ill. ISBN 1851773738."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Inventory of Art Objects Acquired in the Year 1861 <u>In</u>: <u>Inventory of the Objects in the Art Division of the Museum at South Kensington, Arranged According to the Dates of their Acquisition. Vol I</u>. London: Printed by George E. Eyre and William Spottiswoode for H.M.S.O., 1868, p. 30"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Leeuwenberg, Jaap. 'Die Ausstrahlung Utrechter Tonplastik'. In: <u>Festschrift Theo. Muller</u>. Munich, 1965, pp. 151-167"}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[{"text":"Catherine (Saint Catherine of Alexandria)","id":"N458"},{"text":"Maxentius, Aurelius Valerius (Roman Emperor)","id":"N1601"}],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"wheel","id":"AAT24976"},{"text":"sword","id":"AAT37048"},{"text":"rosettes","id":"AAT9972"},{"text":"evangelists","id":"AAT25762"}],"contentConcepts":[{"text":"Christianity","id":"AAT73711"}],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["7703-1861"],"accessionNumberNum":"7703","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":1861,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2019LW3581"],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-24","recordCreationDate":"2002-12-11","availableToBook":false}}