{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O71569"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O71569/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2013GL0525/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2013GL0525/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2013GL0525","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AJ6474","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O71569/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O71569","accessionNumber":"IS.35-1952","objectType":"Drawing","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"","physicalDescription":"An unfinished Kalighat study in black pencil against a plain background, with watercolour details, of a wife trying to ward off her husband's blows. The heads, feet, arms are lightly coloured in brown and pink with facial features but no hair. The man's dhoti and woman's sari are depicted in pale blue.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Ghosh, Nibaran Chandra","id":"A7208"},"association":{"text":"maker","id":"AAT251917"},"note":""},{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"pencil","id":"x30347"},{"text":"watercolour","id":"AAT15045"},{"text":"paper","id":"AAT14109"},{"text":"paint","id":"AAT15029"}],"techniques":[{"text":"painted","id":"AAT54216"},{"text":"drawn","id":"x30545"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Drawn and painted in pencil and watercolour on paper","categories":[{"text":"Drawings","id":"THES48966"},{"text":"Paintings","id":"THES48917"},{"text":"Bonita Trust Indian Paintings Cataloguing Project","id":"THES263148"}],"styles":[{"text":"Kalighat","id":"AAT18988"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"SSEA","id":"THES48598"},"images":["2013GL0525","2006AJ6474"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"008","id":"THES403797"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"drawing","id":"AAT33973"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Kolkata","id":"x32018"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1900","earliest":"1895-01-01","latest":"1904-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[{"object":{"text":"MA/1/A768","id":"ARC147073"},"association":"Archive record"}],"creditLine":"Given by W.G. Archer","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"20","unit":"in","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"13","unit":"in","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Historical significance: Calcutta was recognised as the Capital of British India from 1833-1912. By the 1830s, artists had arrived from rural villages in Bengal and began to produce paintings that reflected local history, mythology, customs and conflicts of a colonised society. As a popular art form, these artists are recognised for their use of brilliant colour, simplified images and swift brush strokes that became the hallmark of Kalighat painting in the 19th and early 20th century. Originally purchased at Kalighat in 1932 from the family of the artist  Nirbaran Chandra Ghosh (c. 1835-1930).","historicalContext":"Unfinished watercolours similar to this image provide valuable information about the Kalighat artist's methods of working and the various stages of completion. (Jain 1999)","briefDescription":"Unfinished drawing, domestic violence, by Nibaran Chandra Ghosh, pencil and watercolour on paper, Kolkata, ca. 1900","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Archer, W.G (1973) Kalighat Painting, HMSO, London, p93.\r\nJain, J (1999) 'Kalighat Paintings: Images from a Changing World'. Ahmedabad, Mapin. p22, fig 5."}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"A wife trying to ward off her husband's blows. ","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"violence","id":"AAT192799"},{"text":"husband","id":"AAT154341"},{"text":"wife","id":"AAT154343"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["IS.35-1952"],"accessionNumberNum":"35","accessionNumberPrefix":"IS","accessionYear":1952,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-09-16","recordCreationDate":"2002-12-05","availableToBook":true}}